Английская Википедия:Hoturoa
According to Māori tradition, Hoturoa was the leader of the Tainui canoe, during the migration of the Māori people to New Zealand, around 1400. He is considered the founding ancestor of the Tainui confederation of tribes (iwi), who now inhabit the central North Island.
Voyage to New Zealand
Шаблон:Main According to Māori tradition, Hoturoa was a leader in Hawaiki, an unlocated territory somewhere in Polynesia.Шаблон:Sfn Because over-population had led to famine and warfare, Hoturoa decided to leave HawaikiШаблон:Sfn and he commissioned Rakatāura, an expert boat builder in the tradition of Rātā (or according to Wirihana Aoterangi by Rātā himself) to build the Tainui wakaШаблон:Sfn According to Pei Te Hurinui Jones the waka was named Tainui because when it first went into the water, it did not ride smoothly and one of Hoturoa's wives, perhaps Marama, shouted out "Hoturoa, your canoe is Шаблон:Lang ('very heavy')".Шаблон:Sfn
Tainui was one of the last waka to leave Hawaiki for New Zealand. It departed on Uenuku's night, the fourth night in the month of Hakihea (roughly December). When the people warned Hoturoa that this period of the month, Tamatea (the new moon), is characterised by wind and storms, he said, "Let me and Tamatea fight it out at sea!"Шаблон:Sfn The ship visited many Pacific islands before arriving in New Zealand, at Whangaparaoa Bay in the Bay of Plenty.Шаблон:Sfn
The other waka had arrived before Tainui, but their crews had gone out to investigate the land. Hoturoa built a tuahu (altar) and had the anchor rope of Tainui placed beneath that of the other waka. When the other crews returned, Hoturoa pointed to these things as evidence that Tainui had actually arrived first. This incident is the subject of much dispute between Tainui and Arawa.Шаблон:Sfn
From there, the ship travelled west, around the Coromandel peninsula to the Tāmaki isthmus (modern Auckland), where they heard of another sea to the west. Hoturoa's wife, Marama-kiko-hura, decided to make the crossing by land, planning to meet up with the rest of the crew at Ōtāhuhu.Шаблон:Sfn As she went, she sang the 'karakia urūru-whenua' ('the incantation for entering new lands') and carried the Tainui's treasures.Шаблон:Sfn Continuing on, Tainui passed Motutapu island and fetched up at Takapuna in the Waitematā Harbour. There, Taikehu encouraged Hoturoa to go out and look for the sea to the west. When Hoturoa returned he said he had seen grey mullet leaping in the waves, known thereafter as 'pōtiki a Taikehu' (Taikehu's children).Шаблон:Sfn
Hoturoa decided that Tāmaki was overpopulated and that they could carry on in search of new lands.Шаблон:Sfn According to one tradition, reported by Aoterangi, they carried the waka overland to Manukau Harbour on the west coast at Ōtāhuhu, after rendezvousing with Marama-kiko-hura there. As they hauled the canoe across the isthmus on rollers, however, it stuck and would not move. The tohunga Riutiuka reported that this was because Marama-kiko-hura had violated tapu with one of the crew or with a local man during her journey. Repeating the special incantation the Hoturoa had used to haul Tainui into the sea in Hawaiki, they were able to get the canoe moving.Шаблон:Sfn
Quarrel between Hoturoa and Rakatāura
According to another tradition, however, it was Rakatāura who was to sing the special incantation, but when he was about to do so, his sister Hiaroa abused him for helping Hoturoa when the latter had refused to allow him to marry Hoturoa's daughter Kahukeke. As a result, Rakatāura left the crew and Hoturoa had to sail Tainui all the way around Northland.Шаблон:Sfn At Mount Roskill or Puketutu Island, Rakatāura and Hiaroa lit a fire and sung incantations to prevent Tainui from entering the Manukau Harbour.Шаблон:Sfn Then Rakatāura and Hiaroa went south, climbed up Karioi Mountain, and sung incantations to prevent Tainui from entering Raglan harbour.Шаблон:Sfn Again, they sang incantations at Ngairo to prevent Tainui from entering Aotea Harbour or Kāwhia Harbour.Шаблон:Sfn
At the mouth of the Mimi river, Hoturoa brought Tainui to shore and planted a pōhutukawa tree, which was still living as of 1912. The area had already been settled by one of Hoturoa's relatives, Awangaiariki from the Tokomaru waka, so they turned around and began to head north once more.Шаблон:Sfn At the mouth of the Mōkau river, Hoturoa disembarked and travelled north by land. At Whareorino he encountered Rakatāura and they reconciled.Шаблон:Sfn
Together, they brought Tainui in to Kāwhia harbour and hauled it ashore.Шаблон:Sfn Hoturoa set up an altar on the site, called Puna-whakatupu-tangata ('The Source of Mankind') and Rakatāura set up one called Hani. The waka was buried at Maketū marae, where it remains to this day.
Settlement at Kāwhia
At Kāwhia, Hoturoa established settlements at Maketū, Paringa-a-tai, Motungaio, Ōmiti, and Te Puru, laying out gardens of taro, hue, and kūmara, which had been brought from Hawaiki by his wife Whakaotirangi.Шаблон:Sfn Hoturoa disavowed his senior wife, Whakaotirangi, in favour of his younger wife Marama-kiko-hura. Whakaotirangi withdrew to Pākarikari, where she established a kūmara garden.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Hoturoa was summoned to Pākarikari by the false news that Whakaotirangi was dying and when he saw the kūmara he wept and reconciled with her.Шаблон:Sfn
Hoturoa now neglected Marama-kiko-hura, believing that her infant son Tānenui was not actually his son, but the product of an affair.Шаблон:Sfn One day, while Marama-kiko-hura was away, Tānenui would not stop crying, so Hoturoa stuck his penis in the baby's mouth. When Marama-kiko-hura returned, she realised what had happened and departed with Tānenui for Tāmaki (Auckland), where Tānenui had descendants.Шаблон:Sfn
Hoturoa died at Kāwhia.Шаблон:Sfn
Family
Hoturoa was the son of Auau-te-rangi and Kuotepo. He had two younger brothers, Hotunui, who accompanied him on Tainui,Шаблон:Sfn and Pūmai-te-rangi, who remained in Hawaiki. More distantly, he was related to Tama-te-kapua, leader of the Arawa canoe and founder of Te Arawa confederation of tribes, based in Rotorua and the Bay of Plenty.Шаблон:Sfn
He married twice. His first wife was Whakaotirangi, whom he married in Hawaiki and who accompanied him on Tainui. They had several sons and a daughter:
- Poutūkeka, who married Te Amonga and Takahi-roa, and had a son with the former, Hāpopo, all of whom travelled on Tainui, and settled in Tāmaki (modern Auckland)Шаблон:Sfn
- Hotuope, who travelled on Tainui with his wife Hine-ihi, daughter of his uncle Pūmai-te-rangi, and was the ancestor of the main line of Tainui.Шаблон:Sfn According to Jones, the line is as follows: Hotuope (married Hine-ihi), Hotuāwhio, Hotumatapū (married Hineraku), Mōtai (married Pare-a-uru), Ue (married Kahupeka), Rakamaomao (married Tai-aroha), Kākāti (married Ururangi), and Tāwhao, after whom the line splits.Шаблон:Sfn
- Hotuāwhio, who travelled on Tainui, is sometimes a son of Hoturoa, but usually a son of Hotuope and Hine-ihi and ancestor of the Tainui main line.
- Kapa-a-rangi, ancestor of a separate line which was reunited with the main line by the marriage of Pūnui-a-te-kore and Maru-tē-hiakina to Tāwhao.Шаблон:Sfn
- Kahukeke, who travelled on Tainui and married the tohunga Rakatāura, and had descendants including Kahupeka who married Ue of the Tainui main line.
His second wife was Marama-kiko-hura (Marama of the bare flesh) or Marama-hahake (Marama the naked), whom he married in Hawaiki. She accompanied him on Tainui but he repudiated her after settling in Kāwhia. They had one son whose legitimacy was questioned:
- Tānenui, born at Kāwhia, who had descendants in Tāmaki (modern Auckland)Шаблон:Sfn
References
Bibliography
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Tainui people
- Māori mythology
- Legendary Polynesian people
- Legendary progenitors
- Polynesian navigators
- 15th-century New Zealand people
- 14th-century New Zealand people
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
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