Английская Википедия:Houn Jiyu-Kennett

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox religious biography Шаблон:Zen Buddhism Шаблон:Western Buddhism Hōun Jiyu-Kennett (Japanese: 法雲慈友ケネット, 1 January 1924 – 6 November 1996), born Peggy Teresa Nancy Kennett, was a British roshi most famous for having been the first female to be sanctioned by the Sōtō School of Japan to teach in the West.Шаблон:Citation needed

Biography

Early years

Hōun Jiyu-Kennett was born as Peggy Teresa Nancy Kennett in St Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex, England on January 1, 1924. As a young woman she found herself questioning gender roles in society and grew to become disillusioned with Christianity. She studied medieval music at Durham University and then received a scholarship to Trinity College of Music in London, England.Шаблон:Sfn Though attracted to Buddhism, she felt during this period that she was called to serve the Church of England as a priest. However, church policies at the time did not allow women to be ordained, and this enhanced her previous disillusionment with Christianity.

Training at Sojiji

Файл:KeidoChisanKohoZenjiandRevMasterJiyu.jpg
Reverend Master Jiyu-Kennett with Keido Chisan Koho Zenji

She first became interested in Theravada Buddhism during this period of questioning and searching, joining the London Buddhist Vihara. In 1954 she joined the London Buddhist Society, where she continued her Buddhist studies and lectured. While there, she met the scholar D.T. Suzuki, and developed a strong interest in Rinzai Zen Buddhism. In 1960, when chief abbott Kōho Keidō Chisan Zenji of Sojiji in Japan came to the society, she was asked to make the arrangements for his stay. Koho asked if she would consider becoming his student back in Japan. She accepted the offer, and two years passed before she arrived at Sojiji to study Soto Zen Buddhism under him.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn

In January 1962, Kennett traveled to Malaysia to accept an award she had been honored with for setting a Buddhist hymn, "Welcome Joyous Wesak Day" by Sumangalo,[1] to music.Шаблон:Sfn Before leaving for Japan, Kennett was ordained a novice nun by Venerable Seck Kim Seng (釋金星; Shì Jīnxīng)Шаблон:Sfn in the Linji Chan school and given the Buddhist name Jiyu (慈友, Cíyou in Chinese, Jiyu in Japanese) meaning compassionate friend.

Jiyu-Kennett arrived in Japan in 1962, where she was also ordained in the Soto-school, and trained at Sōjiji from 1962 to 1963. Formally, Kōho Keidō Chisan Zenji was her teacher, but practically, one of Keido Zenji's senior officers, Suigan Yogo roshi, was her main instructor, because 'Keido Zenji was often preoccupied with administrative affairs.Шаблон:Sfn She received Dharma transmission twice, from Kōho Keidō Chisan Zenji on May 28, 1963, but also from Suigan Yogo.[2]

While training at Sōjiji, Kōho Keidō Chisan let her take care of westerners who were interested in Zen training, mostly from American military bases, and she "developed a regular programme of teaching and meditation to nurture their growing interest in Zen."Шаблон:Sfn Eventually, she received the official title of "Foreign Guest Hall Master" from Keido Chisan.Шаблон:Sfn

Jiyu-Kennett continued her institutional career by becoming an Oshō,[3] i.e. "priest" or "teacher." Her Zuise[4] ceremony was conducted in public in Japan. Previously, women's ceremonies were held in private, but Koho had decided that the practice of holding private ceremonies for women and public ceremonies for men was wrong. According to Jiyu-Kennett's account, Шаблон:Quote

Following her Zuise ceremony, Jiyu-Kennett was installed as shinzan (head priest)Шаблон:Sfn of Unpukuji temple in Mie prefecture.

Return to the west

After the death of Chisan Koho, in November 1967, the Soto Administration Section became ambivalent to her, and "Kennett’s title of Foreign Guest Hall Master was deleted from the list of Sojiji office appointments."Шаблон:Sfn Nevertheless, according to Jiyu-Kennett, she "received a certificate asking me to become the official pioneer missionary of the Soto Sect in America" just before she left Japan for a lecturing tour the US in November 1969,Шаблон:Sfn[5]Шаблон:Refn At this time Jiyu-Kennett was not in good health, as during her time in Japan she had experienced many illnesses.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1969 Jiyu-Kennett founded the Zen Mission Society in San Francisco, and in 1970 Shasta Abbey in Mount Shasta, California,[6] the first Zen monastery in the United States to be established by a woman. In 1972, Jiyu-Kennett's British chapter of the Zen Mission Society established Throssel Hole Priory in Northumberland, England.[7][8] In 1978 Jiyu-Kennett changed the name of the Zen Mission Society to the Order of Buddhist Contemplatives.

Illness and visions

In 1975 Jiyu-Kennett was stricken with illness yet again, and this time she became bedridden. In 1976, worn out and convinced death was near, she resigned from her position as abbess of Shasta Abbey and went into retreat in Oakland, California. Still rather ill, of unknown causes, she had her student Daizui MacPhillamy with her often to tend to her care. Following a kensho experience he had, she conferred Dharma transmission to him at her bedside in 1976.Шаблон:Sfn

During this retreat, Jiyu-Kennett had a prolonged religious experience,Шаблон:Sfn including a series of visions and recalling past lives. She regarded these experiences as "a profound kensho (enlightenment) experience,"Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn constituting a third kensho,Шаблон:Sfn and published an account of these visions, and an elaborate scheme of stages of awakening,Шаблон:Sfn in How to Grow a Lotus Blossom.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Her interpretations, which parallel Christian mysticism,Шаблон:Sfn were controversial,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and rejected by some as makyo ("illusion").Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Stephen Batchelor describes these episodes, Шаблон:Quote

Around four months into her 'third kensho', Jiyu-Kennett regained her health and again assumed her position as Abbess of Shasta Abbey for the next 20 years until her death on November 6, 1996. According to Jiyu-Kennett, her experiences are not uncommon, but are rarely spoken of; she regarded publishing her own experiences as a way to acknowledge the existence and validity of such experiences, which, according to her, may contribute to further insight after initial awakening.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She acknowledged the risks and potential for controversy in publishing her account, but felt that the benefits of releasing such information outweighed the risks.Шаблон:Sfn

According to Kay, "Kennett’s visionary experiences – and also her ambivalence about the status of their content – are not unprecedented within the Zen tradition.Шаблон:Sfn Soto literature includes numerous accounts,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn as noted especially by Faure (2000) Visions of power,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn described by the founders of Soto Zen, Dogen and Keizan.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn Dogen and Keizan "also both warned against seeing visions or unusual spiritual experiences as the goal of practice." but were clear that such things can occur along the way.Шаблон:Sfn

Teachings

According to Jiyu-Kennett the accumulation of insight happens in three stages of kensho, along with a fourth that can occur at the time of death:Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn

  1. "initial glimpse" kensho, or "great flash of deep understanding," that most Zen practitioners eventually experience, and that are often used in the Soto-tradition as the later basis for qualification for Dharma Transmission;
  2. "On-Going Fūgen Kensho," or in D.T. Suzuki's words, "the little moments that make one dance," experienced by practitioners with a continual, stable practice;
  3. based on her personal experience with visions, Jiyu-Kennett postulated a third stage which involves the recalling of past life experiences, profound spiritual visions, and deep awakening experiences, that bring great clarity to aspects of the Dharma and practice, and go beyond what is experienced in the first kensho;
  4. parinirvana, experienced by rare practitioners who achieve Buddhahood upon time of death.Шаблон:Sfn

The third stage can include a "Zen sickness", best known from Hakuin Zenji's account in Yasen kanna, translated into English under the title Wild Ivy[9]『夜船閑話』 (Quiet conversations on an evening boat)

Teaching style

Jiyu-Kennett had a commanding presence about her, both intellectually as well as physically. Of a rather husky build, she had a tremendous laughter and was known to be gifted at storytelling. In accordance with Shakyamuni Buddha's teaching and practice of upaya/Skill in Means, Koho Zenji directed her to adapt Soto Zen to Western needs, and not stick with Japanese practice. She frequently used Western sayings, songs, and stories as koans.

According to the book The Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America, Шаблон:Quote

Jiyu-Kennett was an advocate for equality between the sexes, as was Great Master Dogen.

Dharma heirs

Among many others...

Legacy

The Order of Buddhist Contemplatives, founded by Jiyu-Kennett, now has chapters in the United States, the Netherlands, Canada, the West Indies, the United Kingdom and Germany. It has long maintained translation and publishing activities, focused on the writings of Dogen Zenji and Keizan Zenji, initially in print, and more recently in electronic form.

See also

Bibliography

Notes

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References

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Sources

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Further reading

External links

Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Kennett, Liturgy, 247
  2. ↑ Ford, 141-143
  3. ↑ Seikai Luebke, Why Are Roshi Jiyu Kennett’s Disciples So Reclusive? Шаблон:Webarchive
  4. ↑ Kennett, 77
  5. ↑ Boucher, 135
  6. ↑ Carroll, 110-11
  7. ↑ Fowler, 164; 195
  8. ↑ Snelling, 206
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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