Английская Википедия:Hudswell Clarke
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox company
Hudswell, Clarke and Company Limited was an engineering and locomotive building company in Jack Lane, Hunslet, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.
History
The company was founded as Hudswell and Clarke in 1860. In 1870 the name was changed to Hudswell, Clarke and Rodgers. There was another change in 1881 to Hudswell, Clarke and Company. The firm became a limited company in 1899.
In 1862, soon after the company had been formed, they were given the initial design work on William Hamond Bartholomew's compartment boats for the Aire and Calder Navigation. The choice of the company may have been influenced by the fact that Bartholomew, the chief engineer of the Navigation, and William Clayton, one of the founders of Hudswell and Clarke, both lived on Spencer Place in Leeds. They produced at least one of the prototype Tom Pudding compartments, but did not get the main contract for their production once the design work had been done.[1]
As steam locomotive builders, like many of the smaller builders they specialised in small contractor's and industrial tank engines, and rarely built anything bigger than an 0-6-0T. They never built any locomotives with superheaters.Шаблон:Sfnp
The locomotive part of the business is now part of the Hunslet Engine Company. Locomotive-building was always only one part of a diverse product inventory that included underground diesel-powered mining locomotives, hydraulic pit-props and related mining equipment.
In 1911 Hudswell Clarke entered into an agreement with Robert Hudson for the manufacture of narrow gauge locomotives. This arrangement produced sixteen standardised designs, designated 'A' to 'Q', which ranged from four-coupled (Шаблон:Whyte) 5 hp engines to six-coupled (Шаблон:Whyte) 55 hp models. The designs were sufficiently flexible to allow for the various track gauges in use. Over the years, 188 locomotives were supplied to these designs.
In the 1930s the company manufactured narrow gauge steam outline diesel-hydraulic locomotives for use at amusement parks around the country.[2] In 1931 Шаблон:Whyte Neptune was delivered to Scarborough North Bay Railway, followed a year later by Шаблон:Whyte Triton, both being Шаблон:Convert gauge. In the same year they supplied a Шаблон:Whyte Robin Hood to Golden Acre Park in Leeds followed by a 4-6-2 May Thompson in 1933.[3] They also supplied Шаблон:Whyte Mary Louise and Шаблон:Whyte Carol Jean to Blackpool Pleasure Beach for use on the Шаблон:Convert gauge Pleasure Beach Express in 1933. A fire in 1934 badly damaged Carol Jean so Шаблон:Whyte Princess Royal was ordered as a replacement. They went on to build two more Шаблон:Whyte class locomotives, Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret Rose[4] for Billy Butlin to use at the Empire Exhibition in Glasgow in 1938 which were then transferred to his holiday camp in Clacton when the exhibition closed.[5]
In later years, Hudswell Clarke designed and built diesel locomotives for both main-line and private company use, mainly for use on shunting operations.
Surviving locomotives
Steam locomotives
Diesel locomotives
- Standard gauge (Шаблон:RailGauge)
- British Rail Class D2/7 (none preserved)
- British Rail Class D2/12 (one preserved)
- Шаблон:Whyte D577/1932 Mary at Middleton Railway
- Шаблон:Whyte Southam (works no. D604) was outside the Great Western Country Pub and Restaurant, Bishop's Itchington, near Southam, Warwickshire[15] in 2006 but has since left for an unknown destination
- Шаблон:Whyte Southam 2 (works no. D625) at Leeds Industrial Museum[16]
- Шаблон:Whyte Mighty Atom (works no. D628) at Ribble Steam Railway[17]
- Шаблон:Whyte Sparky (works no. D629) at Ribble Steam Railway[18]
- Шаблон:Whyte Margaret (works no. D1031) at Ribble Steam Railway[19]
- Шаблон:Whyte Cadbury No. 14 (works no. D1012) was at Cadbury World. Arrived at the Statfold Barn Railway in 2022, where it is to be cosmetically restored as a "gate guardian".
- Шаблон:Whyte Manchester Ship Canal 4001 Alnwick Castle (works no. D1075 of 1958) at Winfield's Store, Haslingden, Lancs
- Шаблон:Whyte Manchester Ship Canal 4002 Arundel Castle (works no. D1076 of 1958) at East Lancs Railway
- Шаблон:Whyte D631/1946 Carroll at Middleton Railway
- Шаблон:Whyte D707 No. 21 at the Rutland Railway
- Шаблон:Whyte Elland No.1 (works no. D1153) at Mangapps Railway Museum, Burnham-on-Crouch[20]
- Шаблон:RailGauge gauge
- Eight 145HP, 20 ton Шаблон:Whyte locomotives, and twenty-four 225HP, 29 ton Шаблон:Whyte locomotives, for the Sierra Leone Government Railway, supplied between 1954 and 1961. (not necessarily preserved)
- Шаблон:RailGauge gauge
- Шаблон:Whyte No. D558 (built 1930) at the Moseley Railway Trust at their Apedale Valley Light Railway
- Шаблон:Whyte No. D564 (built 1930) at the Phyllis Rampton Trust
Steam-outline diesel locomotives
- Шаблон:Convert gauge
- Шаблон:Whyte Neptune (1931), Scarborough North Bay Railway
- Шаблон:Whyte Triton (1932), Scarborough North Bay Railway
- Шаблон:Whyte Robin Hood (1932), Scarborough North Bay Railway
- Шаблон:Whyte Poseidon (1933), Scarborough North Bay Railway
- Шаблон:Convert gauge
- Шаблон:Whyte Mary Louise (1933), Pleasure Beach Express, Blackpool
- Шаблон:Whyte Carol Jean (1933), Pleasure Beach Express, Blackpool
- Шаблон:Whyte Geoffrey Thompson OBE (1934), Pleasure Beach Express, Blackpool
- Шаблон:Whyte Princess Elizabeth (1938), Midland Railway - Butterley undergoing restoration.[21]
- Шаблон:Whyte Princess Margaret Rose (1938), Midland Railway - Butterley
Military engineering
During the Second World War the company was one of many engineering firms that diversified into armaments. After the War, Hudswell Clarke was closely involved in various secret programmes, including the British nuclear weapon programme. The airframe (casing) for the first British nuclear bomb, Blue Danube, was manufactured by Hudswell Clarke at its Roundhay Road plant in Leeds.[22] The Blue Danube was 24 ft long x 62 inches diameter. It was known to the RAF as "Bomb, Aircraft, HE 10,000 lb MC". Released from 45,000 ft at 500 knots (930 km/h) its maximum velocity was 2480 ft/s (Mach 2.2). It bears a likeness to the Tallboy and Grand Slam "earthquake" bombs designed by Barnes Wallis. Wallis was a consultant on the design of Blue Danube.
The airframe for Red Beard, the second generation tactical nuclear bomb was also built by Hudswell, Clarke. This tactical atomic bomb had perforated baffles to reduce bomb bay buffeting when dropped from a Canberra bomber; they were not needed on other aircraft. Red Beard was known to the RAF as "Bomb, Aircraft, HE 2'000 lb MC", although its actual weight was 1650 lb. It was deployed on a wide variety of aircraft of the RAF and Royal Navy, being stockpiled in the UK, Cyprus, Singapore and afloat on carriers.
Hudswell, Clarke also worked on Violet Club, the Interim Megaton Weapon. All the bombs detonated at the Christmas Island H-bomb tests were contained in airframes designed and built by Hudswell Clarke. The company were also major contributors to other military projects, including the Centurion main battle tank conversion into an armoured bridgelayer, that served with the British Army for many years. The contraction of defence manufacturing in the mid-1960s contributed to the sale and demise of the company.
Preservation
Locations of preserved Hudswell Clarke locomotives include:
United Kingdom
- Aln Valley Railway, Northumberland
- Buckinghamshire Railway Centre, Quainton Road, Buckinghamshire
- Chasewater Railway, Staffordshire
- East Lancashire Railway, Greater Manchester and Lancashire
- Ecclesbourne Valley Railway, Derbyshire
- Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway, North Yorkshire
- Great Central Railway (Nottingham), Ruddington, Nottinghamshire
- Keighley and Worth Valley Railway, West Yorkshire
- Middleton Railway, Hunslet, West Yorkshire
- Nene Valley Railway, Wansford, Cambridgeshire
- North Bay Railway, Scarborough, North Yorkshire
- North Norfolk Railway, Sheringham, Norfolk
- Penrhyn Castle Railway Museum, Bangor, North Wales
- Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway, South Wales
- Ribble Steam Railway, Lancashire
- Rutland Railway Museum, Cottesmore, Rutland
- Statfold Barn Railway, Tamworth, Staffordshire
- Swindon and Cricklade Railway, Blunsdon, Wiltshire
- Tanfield Railway, County Durham
Ireland
- Railway Preservation Society of Ireland, Whitehead, Co. Antrim
New Zealand
- Oamaru Steam and Rail Restoration Society, New Zealand
Denmark
- Nordsjællands Veterantog, Græsted, Denmark
- Danmarks Tekniske Museum The Danish museum of Technology, Helsingør/Elsinore, Denmark
United States
- Edaville Railroad, Carver, Massachusetts
See also
References
Various public domain files declassified by:
- Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
- Ministry of Supply (and successors)
- Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough
now archived in the Public Record Office, London.
External links
- Huwood-Hudswell Diesel Mines Locomotives
- Manchester Ship Canal locomotive 67
- Oamaru Steam and Rail
- [1]
- Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Quine ironstone
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Slough Estates Ltd, No.3
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Irs-el
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Photo of Elland No.1 Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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