Английская Википедия:Hugo Boss (businessman)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox person Hugo Ferdinand Boss (8 July 1885 – 9 August 1948)[1] was a German businessman and an early member of the Nazi Party. He was the founder of the fashion house Hugo Boss AG.
He was an active member of the Nazi Party from 1931, and remained so until Nazi Germany's capitulation. His clothing company also utilized forced labour drawn from German-occupied territories and POW camps, to manufacture uniforms for the SS and later the Wehrmacht.
Early life
Boss was born in Metzingen, Kingdom of Württemberg, to Luise (née Münzenmayer) and Heinrich Boss,[1] the youngest of five children. He apprenticed as a merchant, did his military service from 1903 to 1905, and then worked in a weaving mill in Konstanz. He took over his parents' lingerie shop in Metzingen in 1908, as heir.Шаблон:Cn In 1914, he was mobilized into the army and served through World War I, ending it as a corporal.Шаблон:Cn
Hugo Boss company
Boss founded his own clothing company in Metzingen in 1923 and then opened a factory in 1924, initially with two partners. The company produced shirts and jackets and later work clothing, sportswear, and raincoats. In the 1930s, it produced uniforms for the SA, the SS,[2] the Hitler Youth, the postal service, the national railroad, and later the Wehrmacht.[3]
Support of Nazism
Boss joined the Nazi Party in 1931, two years before Adolf Hitler came to power.[4] By the third quarter of 1932, the all-black SS uniform (to replace the SA brown shirts) was designed by SS-Oberführer Prof. Karl Diebitsch, and graphic designer Walter Heck, who had no affiliation with the company.[5][6] The Hugo Boss company produced these black uniforms along with the brown SA shirts and the black-and-brown uniforms of the Hitler Youth.[7][8] Some workers were French and Polish prisoners of war forced into labour.[9][10] In 1999, US lawyers acting on behalf of Holocaust survivors started legal proceedings against the Hugo Boss company over the use of slave labour during the war.[11] The misuse of 140 Polish and 40 French forced workers led to an apology by the company.[12]
After World War II, the denazification process saw Boss initially labeled as an "activist, supporter and beneficiary" of Nazism, which resulted in a heavy fine, also stripping him of his voting rights and capacity to run a business.Шаблон:Cn This initial ruling was appealed, and Boss was re-labeled as a Mitläufer ("fellow traveller"), a category with a less severe punishment.[4] Nevertheless, the effects of the ban led to Boss's son-in-law, Eugen Holy, taking over both the ownership and the running of the company.Шаблон:Cn
Death
Boss died in 1948 of a tooth abscess[13] in Württemberg-Hohenzollern, Allied-occupied Germany. He was 63.
References
External links
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Lumsden, Robin. A Collector's Guide To: The Allgemeine – SS, Ian Allan Publishing, Inc. 2001, p 53.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ McNab, Chris. Hitler's Elite: The SS 1939–45, Osprey 2013, p 90.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ White, Constance C. R. "Patterns: Dealing with Hugo Boss's Nazi tie." The New York Times 19 August 1997: A20.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:In lang Zwangsarbeit in Metzingen (Forced Work in Metzingen), Ch.7: Die Firma Hugo Boss
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- 1885 births
- 1948 deaths
- Förderndes Mitglied der SS
- German chief executives
- German company founders
- 20th-century German businesspeople
- German fashion businesspeople
- German fashion designers
- German Army personnel of World War I
- Menswear designers
- Nazi Party members
- People from Metzingen
- People from the Kingdom of Württemberg
- Infectious disease deaths in Germany
- Nazi war criminals
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
