Английская Википедия:Hujariyya (Abbasid troops)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military unit The Hujariyya (Шаблон:Lang-ar) were an elite cavalry corps that was one of the chief components of the late Abbasid army, from Шаблон:Circa to their forcible disbandment in 936.
Etymology
The name derives from the word for 'chamber, room' (Шаблон:Transl),Шаблон:Sfn and refers to troops housed and trained in or near the caliphal palace and its chambers.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Establishment
The first unit of this name was established by the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tadid (Шаблон:Reign). They were military slaves (Шаблон:Transls or Шаблон:Transl) who were placed under the training of eunuch tutors (Шаблон:Transl) and kept under close supervision, not being allowed to exit the palace except in the company of their tutors.Шаблон:Sfn They fought mainly as mounted archers.Шаблон:Sfn
Role and history
First mentioned in 900, they would form the main cavalry force of the Abbasid army in the 10th century.Шаблон:Sfn Despite their military prowess, they are rarely recorded as participating in campaigns or in provincial garrisons, and spent most of their time in Baghdad, where they served ostensibly as guards of the caliph, but more often as the power base of ambitious generals.Шаблон:Sfn One notable exception is their mobilization to confront the Qarmatian invasion of Iraq in 927, but they did not engage in combat.Шаблон:Sfn
By the death of al-Mu'tadid in 902, they were a significant force, and his successor, al-Muktafi (Шаблон:Reign) increased their salaries to ensure their loyalty, especially as he moved to depose al-Mu'tadid's commander-in-chief, Badr.Шаблон:Sfn According to the surviving records, the senior members of the corps received 16 gold dinars, and the junior ones 12.Шаблон:Sfn They remained the core of the Abbasid armies under al-Muqtadir (Шаблон:Reign), and are often recorded as rioting in demand of higher salaries and interfering in the politics of the Abbasid court.Шаблон:Sfn By 927, they numbered some 12,000 men, and were able to destroy their long-time rivals and competitors for the Caliphate's increasingly scarce financial resources, the more numerous Masaffi infantry corps.Шаблон:Sfn
Disbandment
They became even more actively involved in court politics after the overthrow of al-Muqtadir, and deposed Caliph al-Qahir in 934.Шаблон:Sfn As a result, in 936 the strongman Ibn Ra'iq decided to eliminate them. They were ordered to accompany Caliph al-Radi to Wasit. Once there, they were mustered and those unfit for service ("the interlopers, the substitutes, the women, the traders and the refugees") dismissed. This provoked an uprising, but in a battle with Ibn Ra'iq's men, the Hujariyya were defeated with heavy loss of life. Their remnants were pursued and attacked even in Baghdad, where their quarters were plundered and torched.Шаблон:Sfn A few of the corps survived, and some even joined Ibn Ra'iq, but the Hujariyya as a corps was destroyed.Шаблон:Sfn With them perished the last body of troops still loyal to the Abbasid dynasty, rather than individual strongmen, opening the way for the establishment of Ibn Ra'iq, and other military commanders after him, as quasi-dictators over a powerless, puppet caliph.Шаблон:Sfn
See also
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Kennedy-The Armies of the Caliphs
- Шаблон:The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates
- Шаблон:EI2
- Английская Википедия
- 890s establishments
- 936 disestablishments
- 9th-century establishments in the Abbasid Caliphate
- 10th-century disestablishments in the Abbasid Caliphate
- Baghdad under the Abbasid Caliphate
- Cavalry units and formations
- Abbasid ghilman
- Military units and formations established in the 9th century
- Military units and formations of the Abbasid Caliphate
- Military history of Baghdad
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