Английская Википедия:Human chain (politics)
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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More citations needed
A human chain is a form of demonstration in which people link arms or hands as a show of political solidarity.
The chains can involve thousands of people, with the world record being claimed in 2020 by Bihar, India, which was estimated to include 51.7 million people across Шаблон:Convert, to support the government's efforts towards environment conservation and eradication of social evils.[1] Шаблон:-
List of notable human chains
Date | Event | Location | Number of participants | Purpose |
---|---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Embrace the Base | RAF Greenham Common Newbury, Berkshire, England | 30,000 (women) | Protested siting of American nuclear missiles in West Germany. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Шаблон:Convert human chain | Greenham to Aldermaston and the ordnance factory at Burghfield | 70,000 (40,000 – 80,000) | Protested siting of American nuclear missiles in West Germany. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Hands Across America | United States | 5,000,000 | Charitable event to raise money to fight hunger and homelessness. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Baltic Way | Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania | 2,000,000 | Called for the end of the Soviet occupation of the Baltic countries, and for the restoration of the independence of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Reunion Day | Lviv–Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR (now Ukraine) | 450,000 (according to Soviet militsiya); 3,000,000 (according to organizers)[2] | Marking the 71st anniversary of the Act Zluky, an agreement unifying the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian National Republic. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | XII World Youth Day, 1997 | Paris, France | 400,000 | A 36 km ring surrounding Paris facing outwards, symbolically calling for peace. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Jubilee 2000 Human Chain | Birmingham, UK | 70,000 – 100,000 | The first Chain demonstration by Jubilee 2000, a coalition of church and faith groups, overseas development agencies and others at the G8 Summit in Birmingham, UK, to highlight the indebted poverty of many poor countries and the need for the G8, World Bank and IMF to act to remit that debt. The Chain surrounded Birmingham city center including the International Convention Center. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Protest against violence in East Timor | Lisbon | 300,000+ | A 20 km ring connecting the United Nations delegation and the embassies of Russia, China, UK, France and the US in Lisbon, calling for the end of violence in East Timor.[3] |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | 228 Hand-in-Hand Rally | Taiwan | 1,000,000+ ( 2,000,000+ according to organizers) | Commemoration of the February 28 Incident and protest of People's Republic of China missiles aimed at Taiwan. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Israeli Chain | Gush Katif (Jewish communities adjacent to the Gaza Strip, Israel), to the Western Wall, Jerusalem (90 kilometers) | 130,000 (according to police) | Opposing Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's Disengagement Plan which involves dismantling of Jewish communities and settlements of Gush Katif. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | 'No Confidence' campaign to the BNP-led alliance government | Teknaf to Tentulia, Bangladesh | 5,000,000+ and | The participants were supporters of 14 opposition parties led by the Bangladesh Awami League to express their 'No Confidence' campaign to the BNP-led alliance government and to demand fresh polls.[4] It was 1,050 km (652.4 miles) long. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Great American Boycott | New York City. (Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn Bronx) | 12,000 (according to CNN )[5] | Protesting H.R. 4437, a bill in Congress to toughen immigration checks. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Gaza Chain | Gaza | 20,000 [6] | Protesting Israeli blockade of Gaza |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | "Stop Russia" campaign[7] | Georgia | 1,000,000 (according to the Georgian authorities)[8] | Protesting Russian military intervention |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | 2009 Tamil protests in India[9] | Chennai, India | 100,000 – 150,000 | Protesting the violence against Tamils in Sri Lanka and the Sri Lankan Civil War. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | "Mumbai citizens form human chain to protest attacks"[10] | Mumbai, India | 60,000 | Protesting Against the terror attacks that took place in Mumbai on the 26th of November 2008 |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | 2009 Tamil protests in Canada[11] | Toronto, Canada | 20,000 | Protesting the violence against Tamils in Sri Lanka and the Sri Lankan Civil War. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Green Chain, Iran's Presidential Election 2009 Iranian Election Protests |
Tehran, Iran | 18,000 – 30,000 | In support of Mir-Hossein Mousavi[12][13] |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Kerala CPM, 2009 ASEAN agreement Protest |
Kerala, India | 200,000 | Protesting against the ASEAN and New Delhi free trade agreement |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Telangana JAC, Telangana Human Chain |
Andhra Pradesh, India | The people of Telangana formed a 500 kilometers-long human chain all along the National Highway number 7 from Adilabad on the northernmost tip of the region to Alampur on the borders of Kurnool district, to press their demand for forming a separate state.[14][15] | |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Human Chain for Human Rights. | Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India | 20,000 | 25 km long Human chain formed for Human Rights on Human Rights Day on December 10, 2012 by 20,000 tribal students of Kalinga Institute of Social Science (KISS) in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India .[16][17] |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Catalan Way Towards Independence | Throughout Catalonia | 1,600,000[18] | 480 km long Human chain organized by the Assemblea Nacional Catalana for the independence of Catalonia.[19] |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Pro-European Union protests / Against Russian intervention | Various, largest from Ukraine to Subcarpathian Voivodeship. Also Lithuania – Latvia. | 2,000,000+[20][21] | Symbolic "linking" of Ukraine to the European Union[20] |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Human Chain For The Right to Decide of the Basque Country | Throughout Basque Country,[22] from Durango to Iruñea-Pamplona | 150,000+ | 123 km long Human chain organized by Gure Esku Dago for the Self-determination of the Basque Country.[22] |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Madhesh Human Chain[23] | Mechi to Mahakali, Hulaki Rajmarg, Nepal. | 1,500,000+ | The 2015 Human Chain for Madhesh Movement was an organised protest in Nepal for pressurizing the government of Nepal to withdraw the discriminatory policies being institutionalized in the constitution that came in effect on 20 September 2015. The Madheshis the residents and indigenous population of Madhesh, the southern plains of Nepal, created world record in creating 1155 km of human chain to draw attention of Nepal government.[24] |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Kerala LDF, 2016 Indian Bank Note Demonetization Protest |
Kerala, India | 1,000,000+ (according to estimates made by the organizers) | Protesting against the demonetization of ₹500 (US$7.40) and ₹1,000 (US$15) banknotes[25] |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Support for Total prohibition | Bihar, India | 20,000,000 | The participants expressed support to implement and promote complete Prohibition of liquor and intoxicants in the territory of the State of Bihar and in favour of the law to be passed by Nitish Kumar Government by forming human chain of around 12,760 km across the state of Bihar.[26][27] It was of the length of 11,292 km (7,017 mi). |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Human chain for Basque self-determination 2018 | Basque Autonomous Community, Spain | 175,000 | Advocacy for a right of the Basques to decide their political status. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Vanitha Mathil (Women's wall) | Kerala, India | 3,000,000 –5,000,000 (women) | The women's wall was formed for a distance of around 620 kilometers from Kasargod to Thiruvananthapuram to uphold gender equality and protest against gender discrimination. . |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Hong Kong Way | Hong Kong | 210,000 | Advocacy for withdrawal of the extradition bill and for democratic elections. The chain was nearly 50 km (30 mi) and stretched through Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories. It was held on the 30th anniversary of the Baltic Way Chain of Freedom, a peaceful gathering that called for independence from Soviet Union. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | 2019–20 Lebanese protests[28][29] | Lebanon coastline | 170,000 | Symbolize the unity of the Lebanese protesters against austerity, political corruption and sectarianism. It ran from Tripoli to Tyre. |
Шаблон:Date table sorting | Manushya Maha Sringhala[30][31][32] | Kerala state | 6,000,000 – 7,500,000 | A 700 km long human chain was formed on Republic Day, across the state of Kerala in India. The chain was organized by the ruling Communist Party of India (Marxist) led Left Democratic Front. The chain was formed to swear an oath to protect the Constitution of India and to demand the withdrawal of the Citizenship Amendment Act and non-implementation of the National Register of Citizens. |
References
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Protesters wave the flag in 'Stop Russia' campaign. Financial Times. 2008-09-01.
- ↑ Georgians stage mass protest Шаблон:Webarchive. news.com.au. September 02, 2008.
- ↑ Rain highlights depth of emotions in Tamil Nadu. Tamil Net. 2008-10-24.
- ↑ Mumbai citizens form human chain to protest attacks. The Times of India. 2008-12-13.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Cbignore
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 Ukraine opposition demands leader resign after EU snub, Seven News (30 November 2013)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news