Английская Википедия:Hungaroring

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox motorsport venue

The Hungaroring is a Шаблон:Cvt motorsport racetrack in Mogyoród, Pest County, Hungary where the Formula One Hungarian Grand Prix is held. In 1986,[1] it became the location of the first Formula One Grand Prix behind the Iron Curtain.[2] Bernie Ecclestone wanted a race in the USSR, but a Hungarian friend recommended Budapest. They wanted a street circuit similar to the Circuit de Monaco to be built in the Népliget[3] – Budapest's largest park – but the government decided to build a new circuit just outside the city[4] near a major highway. Construction works started on 1 October 1985. It was built in eight months, less time than any other Formula One circuit. The first race was held on 24 March 1986, in memory of János Drapál, the first Hungarian who won motorcycle Grand Prix races. According to a survey put together by the national tourism office of Hungary, Mogyoród ranks third among Hungarian destinations visited by tourists, behind the Danube Bend area and Lake Balaton, but ahead of Budapest.[5] The circuit has FIA Grade 1 license.[6]

Description

Файл:Hungaroring, April 28, 2018 SkySat (cropped).jpg
Satellite view of the Hungaroring in April 2018

The Grand Prix is held in the middle of summer, which is usually extremely hot and dry in this region. Its first wet Grand Prix race was in 2006. The circuit is normally dusty due to underuse throughout the rest of the year and its sandy soil. As the circuit is in a valley about 80 percent of it can be seen from any point.[7]

Normally, an underused circuit becomes faster over the weekend as the track surface gathers more rubber residue; however, with the Hungaroring this generally does not happen, because the track can get dusty so quickly. The track frequently becomes faster during a qualifying session, which leads competitors to try for their best lap as late as possible.

The twisty and bumpy nature of the circuit[8] makes overtaking very difficult in dry conditions, the circuit is nicknamed "Monaco without the barriers" for this reason. Nonetheless, the Hungaroring has been the scene of several memorable races such as the duels of Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna, Nigel Mansell's win from 12th on the grid after a dramatic pass on Ayrton Senna in 1989, Damon Hill's almost victory with Arrows in 1997, and Michael Schumacher's change in strategy to beat the McLarens of Häkkinen and Coulthard in 1998.[9] More recently, it has seen events such as Jenson Button triumphing over Fernando Alonso in the wet in 2006, Daniel Ricciardo scything through the field from sixth on the grid in 2014, Lewis Hamilton's late overtake on Max Verstappen to take the win in 2019, and Alonso producing a defensive masterclass to deny Hamilton a chance of victory in 2021. Maiden wins at the track include Hill in 1993, Alonso in 2003, Button in 2006, Heikki Kovalainen in 2008, and Esteban Ocon in 2021.

The first change in the track's layout was carried out in 1989, when the chicane after the actual turn three (a temporary measure put in during construction due to the discovery of a spring where the direct route was due to run) was removed by culverting the stream. In 2003, the main straight (turn one, see diagram) was lengthened by roughly Шаблон:Cvt to Шаблон:Cvt, and the hairpin at the end of the straight was also tightened in an attempt to facilitate more overtaking opportunities, as well as a tightening of what was turn 12. These changes lengthened the circuit length from Шаблон:Cvt.

Drivers

Файл:Circuit Hungaroring.png
The differences between the 1989-2002 layout and current layout

Hungaroring has crowned two drivers in its 37-year history: both Nigel Mansell in 1992 and Michael Schumacher in 2001 were able to win the World Championship title. Moreover, the WilliamsF1 Team and Scuderia Ferrari also secured the Constructors' Championship at the Hungaroring, Williams in 1996 and Ferrari in 2001, 2002, and 2004.

Both Hungary's Zsolt Baumgartner and Poland's Robert Kubica made their debut on this track as the first F1 drivers of their countries.

The 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix was the first wet grand prix at the Hungaroring. This saw the retirement of many drivers including championship rivals Fernando Alonso and Michael Schumacher and gave Jenson Button and the reborn Honda F1 team their first win. Fernando Alonso also earned his first Grand Prix victory at this in 2003, declaring it his favourite track as a result.

According to statements and interviews, drivers have different opinions on the track. While many, like Ayrton Senna, Nigel Mansell, Michael Schumacher, Lewis Hamilton, Max Verstappen[10] and Fernando Alonso claimed to love it, many others consider the track too slow, hot and demanding.Шаблон:Citation needed The technical driving center of the Hungaroring held former racer Gerhard Berger's name from 1998 until 2005 but later it was changed to Allianz.

The track also has named curves: Turn 4 is named after Nigel Mansell, due to him losing a wheel there during the 1987 Hungarian Grand Prix. Turn 11 is named after Jean Alesi following his massive crash there during qualifying for the 1995 Hungarian Grand Prix.

On Saturday, 25 July 2009, in the second round of qualifying for the Hungarian Grand Prix at Hungaroring, Ferrari driver Felipe Massa's head was injured, though protected by his driver's helmet, he was struck by a suspension spring that had fallen from Rubens Barrichello's Brawn GP car while driving at high speed. He was knocked unconscious, and subsequently crashed head-on into a tyre barrier. Massa was thereafter airlifted to the military hospital in Budapest, where he underwent surgery in the area surrounding his left eye. His condition was initially described as "life-threatening but stable", but improved rapidly. Massa was discharged from hospital the following week and returned to Brazil. After further tests it was decided that Massa needed a titanium plate inserted into his skull to strengthen it for racing in Formula One again.

Fans

Файл:Hungaroring Exit.JPG
Hungaroring – gate

While most of the foreign fans are from Germany[5] and Austria, the Hungaroring has traditionally seen a large influx of Finnish fans as well. With the loss of the Austrian Grand Prix in 2003, this became the closest Formula One event for fans from other Central European countries. However, the Austrian Grand Prix returned again in 2014. The 2006–2010 races saw many spectators from Poland due to the participation of Robert Kubica. Michael Schumacher's success in the 1990s brought tens of thousands of German fans to Hungaroring each year. The trend began in 1992 and continued throughout the 2000s until his retirement in 2006. Schumacher won at Hungaroring in 1994, 1998, 2001 and 2004, finishing second in 2000 and 2002.

The contract is prolonged until 2032,[11] although profits from tobacco advertising have been cut from the equation since such advertising was banned in 2007.

The Hungaroring is the home of Hungarian motorsport. Besides Formula One, it has also hosted the DTM and FIA GT Championship races. Since 2011, it also hosts the races of WTCC and WTCR as FIA WTCC Race of Hungary, a public drag race event takes place every month. Шаблон:-

Events

Current
Former

Lap records

As of July 2023, the fastest official race lap records at the Hungaroring are listed as:

Category Time Driver Vehicle Event Circuit Map
Grand Prix Circuit: 4.381 km (2003–present)
Formula One 1:16.627 Lewis Hamilton Mercedes-AMG F1 W11 EQ Performance 2020 Hungarian Grand Prix Файл:Hungaroring.svg
GP2 1:28.968 Sébastien Buemi Dallara GP2/05 2007 Hungaroring GP2 round
FIA F2 1:29.257 Artem Markelov Dallara GP2/11 2017 Hungaroring F2 round
Formula V8 3.5 1:29.706[12] Tom Dillmann Dallara T12 2016 Hungaroring Formula V8 round
GP3 1:33.715 George Russell Dallara GP3/16 2017 Hungaroring GP3 round
Auto GP 1:33.924[13] Adrian Quaife-Hobbs Lola B05/52 2012 Hungaroring Auto GP round
Formula 3 1:34.023[14] Maximilian Günther Dallara F315 2016 Hungaroring F3 European Championship round
FIA F3 1:34.195 Jake Hughes Dallara F3 2019 2020 Hungaroring FIA F3 round
Euroformula Open 1:34.746[15] Cameron Das Dallara 320 2021 Hungaroring Euroformula Open round
LMP1 1:34.934[16] Olivier Panis Peugeot 908 HDi FAP 2010 1000 km of Hungaroring
LMP2 1:36.369[16] Danny Watts HPD ARX-01c 2010 1000 km of Hungaroring
DTM 1:36.725[17] Mattias Ekström Audi RS5 DTM 2017 Hungaroring DTM round
F3000 1:36.809[18] Patrick Friesacher Lola B02/50 2003 Hungaroring F3000 round
FTwo (2009–2012) 1:37.068[19] Alex Fontana Williams JPH1 2012 Hungaroring FTwo round
International Formula Master 1:38.696[20] Sergey Afanasyev Tatuus N.T07 2009 Hungaroring Formula Master round
Formula Regional 1:39.828[21] Kas Haverkort Tatuus F.3 T-318 2022 Hungaroring FREC round
Formula Renault 2.0 1:41.496[22] Gabriel Aubry Tatuus FR2.0/13 2017 Hungaroring Formula Renault Eurocup round
LMPC 1:41.869[23] Nicky Catsburg Oreca FLM09 2013 3 Hours of Hungaroring
GT3 1:42.887[24] Christopher Mies[25] Audi R8 LMS GT3 2016 Hungaroring Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup round
Renault Sport Trophy 1:42.890[26] Steijn Schothorst Renault Sport R.S. 01 2015 Hungaroring Renault Sport Trophy round
GT1 (GTS) 1:43.076[27] Fabio Babini Aston Martin DBR9 2006 FIA GT Budapest 500km
Formula 4 1:43.297[28] Dennis Hauger Tatuus F4-T014 2019 Hungaroring Italian F4 round
LM GTE 1:46.497[23] Nick Tandy Porsche 911 (997) GT3-RSR 2013 3 Hours of Hungaroring
Porsche Carrera Cup 1:47.691[29] Harry King Porsche 911 (992) GT3 Cup 2023 Hungaroring Porsche Supercup round
Ferrari Challenge 1:48.198[30] Doriane Pin Ferrari 488 Challenge Evo 2022 Hungaroring Ferrari Challenge round
Superbike 1:48.218[31] Markus Reiterberger BMW S1000RR 2015 Hungaroring IDM Superbike round
FIA GT Group 2 1:48.847[32] Andrej Studenic Saleen S7-R 2009 Budapest City Challenge
Lamborghini Super Trofeo 1:49.544[33] Edoardo Liberati Lamborghini Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo Evo 2019 Hungaroring GT Cup Open Europe round
Eurocup Mégane Trophy 1:49.628[34] Albert Costa Renault Mégane Renault Sport II 2012 Hungaroring Eurocup Mégane Trophy round
TC1 1:50.119[35] Yvan Muller Citroën C-Elysée WTCC 2014 FIA WTCC Race of Hungary
Formula BMW 1:50.432[36] Esteban Gutiérrez Mygale FB02 2008 Hungaroring Formula BMW Europe round
Supersport 1:52.572[37] Шаблон:Ill Yamaha YZF-R6 2015 Hungaroring IDM Supersport round
TCR Touring Car 1:53.163[38] Mikel Azcona Hyundai i30 N TCR 2022 FIA WTCR Race of Hungary
GT4 1:53.579[39] Simon Knap[40] BMW M4 GT4 2016 Hungaroring GT4 European Series round
Super 2000 1:55.141[41] Franz Engstler BMW 320 TC 2014 FIA WTCC Race of Hungary
ETCR 1:56.830[42] Philipp Eng Alfa Romeo Giulia ETCR 2021 Hungaroring Pure ETCR round
Renault Clio Cup 2:03.749[43] Filip Sandstrom Renault Clio R.S. V 2021 Hungaroring FIA CEZ Endurance Championship Series round
Super 1600 2:08.979[44] Niklas Mackschin Ford Fiesta 1.6 16V 2015 Hungaroring ETC round
Truck racing 2:18.214[45] Norbert Kiss MAN TGS 2021 Hungaroring ETRC round
Grand Prix Circuit: 3.975 km (1989–2002)
Formula One 1:16.207 Michael Schumacher Ferrari F2002 2002 Hungarian Grand Prix Файл:Hungaroring circuit 1989-2002.svg
F3000 1:29.846[46] Ricardo Sperafico Lola B02/50 2002 Hungaroring F3000 round
Group C 1:31.990[47] Bernd Schneider Porsche 962 CK6 1990 Hungaroring Interserie round
GT1 (Prototype) 1:32.300[48] Klaus Ludwig Mercedes-Benz CLK LM 1998 FIA GT Budapest 500km
GT1 (GTS) 1:39.068[49] Julian Bailey Lister Storm 2001 FIA GT Budapest 500km
GT2 1:39.634[50] Stéphane Ortelli Porsche 911 GT2 1999 FIA GT Budapest 500km
Super Touring 1:43.167[51] Roberto Colciago Audi A4 Quattro 2001 Hungaroring ESTC round
N-GT 1:43.295[49] Fabio Babini Porsche 911 (996) GT3-RS 2001 FIA GT Budapest 500km
500cc 1:44.390 Mick Doohan Honda NSR500 1990 Hungarian motorcycle Grand Prix
250cc 1:44.995 Pierfrancesco Chili Aprilia RSV 250 1992 Hungarian motorcycle Grand Prix
Porsche Carrera Cup 1:45.815[52] Marco Werner Porsche 911 (996) GT3 Cup 2002 Hungaroring Porsche Supercup round
World SBK 1:47.875[53] Fred Merkel Honda RC30 1990 Hungaroring World SBK round
125cc 1:50.150 Fausto Gresini Honda RS125 1992 Hungarian motorcycle Grand Prix
Original Grand Prix Circuit: 4.014 km (1986–1988)
Formula One 1:30.149 Nelson Piquet Williams FW11B 1987 Hungarian Grand Prix Файл:Hungaroring circuit 1986-1988.svg
Group C 1:42.390[54] Kris Nissen Porsche 962C 1988 Hungaroring Interserie round
Formula 3 1:43.730[55] Шаблон:Ill Reynard 883 1988 Hungaroring German F3 round
World SBK 1:57.280[56] Marco Lucchinelli Ducati 851 SBK 1988 Hungaroring World SBK round
Group A 1:57.380[57] Шаблон:Ill BMW M3 (E30) Evo 1988 Hungaroring DTM round

Fatal accidents

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Navboxes

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Разное

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