Английская Википедия:Hungerford

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Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:About Шаблон:Infobox UK place Hungerford is a historic market town and civil parish in Berkshire, England, Шаблон:Convert west of Newbury, Шаблон:Convert east of Marlborough, Шаблон:Convert north-east of Salisbury and 60 miles (97 km) west of London. The Kennet and Avon Canal passes through the town alongside the River Dun, a major tributary of the River Kennet. The confluence with the Kennet is to the north of the centre whence canal and river both continue east. Amenities include schools, shops, cafés, restaurants, and facilities for the main national sports. Шаблон:Rws railway station is a minor stop on the Reading to Taunton Line.

History

Файл:Hungerford, Kennet and Avon Canal - geograph.org.uk - 6289.jpg
Narrowboat on the Kennet and Avon Canal
Файл:Hungerford Common - geograph.org.uk - 6294.jpg
Hungerford Common
Файл:Johnofgaunt.jpg
John of Gaunt

Hungerford is derived from an Anglo-Saxon name meaning "ford leading to poor land".[1] The town's symbol is the estoile and crescent moon.[2] The place is not described in the Domesday Book of 1086 because four ancient manors each owned some property within Hungerford, a possession located at the extreme western edge of the royal manor of Kintbury,[3] in the ancient hundred of Kintbury.[4] The manor of Standen Hussey, described as Standen in Wiltshire in Domesday,[5] was later in Hungerford parish.[6] The land was granted to Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester. When he died in 1118, he passed his English estates, including Hungerford, to his son Robert and his heirs who encouraged the town's growth over the next 70 years.[3]

By 1241, Hungerford called itself a borough.[7] In the late 14th century, John of Gaunt was lord of the manor and he granted the people the lucrative fishing rights on the River Kennet.[8] The family of Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford originated in the town (c. 1450), although after three generations the title passed to Baroness Hungerford who married Sir Edward Hastings who became a Baron,[9] and the family seat moved to Heytesbury, Wiltshire.[10] In the 16th century, the parish of Hungerford was included in the formation of the hundred of Kintbury Eagle.[11]

During the Civil War, the Earl of Essex and his army spent the night here in June 1644. In October of the same year, the Earl of Manchester’s cavalry were quartered in the town. Then, in the November, Charles I’s forces arrived in Hungerford on their way to Abingdon.[12] During the Glorious Revolution of 1688, William of Orange was offered the Crown of England while staying at the Bear Inn in Hungerford.[13] The Hungerford land south of the river Kennet was for centuries, until a widespread growth in cultivation in the area in the 18th century, in Savernake Forest.[14]

1987 Massacre

Шаблон:Main The Hungerford massacre occurred on 19 August 1987. A 27-year-old unemployed local labourer, Michael Robert Ryan, armed with three weapons, including a Type 56 assault rifle, a Beretta pistol and an M1 carbine, shot and killed 16 people in and around the town – including his mother – and wounded 15 others, then killed himself in a local school after being surrounded by armed police. All his victims were shot in the town or in nearby Savernake Forest.[15]

A report on the massacre was commissioned by Home Secretary Douglas Hurd from the Chief Constable of Thames Valley Police, Colin Smith. It is one of three highly costly firearms atrocities in terms of lives in the United Kingdom since the invention of such rapid fire weapons, the other two being the Dunblane massacre and Cumbria shootings. The massacre led to the Firearms (Amendment) Act 1988, which banned the ownership of semi-automatic centre-fire rifles and restricted the use of shotguns with a magazine capacity of more than two rounds. The Hungerford Report had demonstrated that Ryan's collection of weapons was legally licensed.[16]

Government

Hungerford is a civil parish, covering the town of Hungerford and a surrounding rural area, including the small village of Hungerford Newtown. The parish was divided into four tithings: Hungerford or Town, Sanden Fee, Eddington with Hidden and Newtown and Charnham Street. North and South Standen and Charnham Street were officially detached parts of Wiltshire until transferred to Berkshire in 1895. Leverton and Calcot were transferred to Hungerford parish from Chilton Foliat in Wiltshire in 1895. The parish shares boundaries with the Berkshire parishes of Lambourn, East Garston, Great Shefford, Kintbury and Inkpen, and with the Wiltshire parishes of Shalbourne, Froxfield, Ramsbury and Chilton Foliat.[17] Parish council responsibilities are undertaken by Hungerford Town Council, which consists of fifteen volunteer councillors and committee members, supported by a full-time clerk. The mayor is elected from amongst their numbers.

The parish forms part of the district administered by the unitary authority of West Berkshire, and local government responsibilities are shared between the town council and unitary authority. Hungerford is part of the Newbury parliamentary constituency. Hungerford participates in town twinning to foster good international relations:

Geography

Hungerford is on the River Dun. It is the westernmost town in Berkshire, on the border with Wiltshire. It is in the North Wessex Downs. The highest point in the entire South East England region is the Шаблон:Cvt summit of Walbury Hill, Шаблон:Cvt from the town centre. The Kennet and Avon Canal separates Hungerford from what might be described as the town's only suburb, the hamlet of Eddington. The town has, as its western border, a county divide which also marks the border of the South East and South West England regions; it is Шаблон:Cvt west of London and Шаблон:Cvt east of Bristol on the A4. It is almost equidistant from the towns of Newbury and Marlborough. Freeman's Marsh, on the western edge of the town, is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.[19]

Transport

Файл:Trains at Hungerford Station - geograph.org.uk - 1353108.jpg
Hungerford railway station

Hungerford is situated on several transport routes, including the M4 motorway with access at Junction 14, the Old Bath Road (A4), and the Kennet and Avon Canal, the latter opened in 1811. Шаблон:Rws railway station is on the Reading to Taunton line; a reasonable rail service to Шаблон:Rws, Шаблон:Rws and Шаблон:Rws means that Hungerford has developed into something of a dormitory town which has been slowly expanding since the 1980s. Many residents commute to nearby towns such as Newbury, Swindon, Marlborough, Thatcham and Reading.Шаблон:Cn

Church

Файл:St Lawrence's Church, Hungerford.jpg
St. Lawrence's church

The parish church of St. Lawrence stands next to the Kennet and Avon Canal. It was rebuilt in 1814–1816 by John Pinch the elder in the Gothic Revival style.[20] The east window contains stained glass by Lavers and Westlake. The church is a Grade II* listed building.[21]

Sport and leisure

Hungerford has a cricket team,[22] a football team, Hungerford Town F.C., that plays at the Bulpit Lane ground, a rugby team, Hungerford RFC.[23] and a netball club. Hungerford Archers, an archery club, uses the sports field of the John O'Gaunt School as its shooting ground.[22] Hungerford Hares Running Club was established in 2007.[24]

Hocktide

Шаблон:Main Hungerford is the only place in the country to have continuously celebrated Hocktide or Tutti Day (the second Tuesday after Easter).Шаблон:CN Today it marks the end of the town council's financial and administrative year, but in the past it was a more general celebration associated with the town's great patron, John of Gaunt. Its origins are thought to lie in celebrations following King Alfred's expulsion of the Vikings. The "Bellman" (or town crier) summons the Commoners of the town to the Hocktide Court held at Hungerford Town Hall, while two florally decorated "Tutti Men" and the "Orange Man" visit every house with commoners' rights (almost a hundred properties), accompanied by six Tutti Girls, drawn from the local school. Originally they collected "head pennies" to ensure fishing and grazing rights. Today, they largely collect kisses from each lady of the house. In the court, the town's officers are elected for the coming year and the accounts examined. The court manages the town hall, the John of Gaunt Inn, the Common, Freeman's Marsh, and fishing rights in the River Kennet and river Dun.Шаблон:Clarify

Legends

There is an old legend that "Hingwar the Dane", better known as Ivarr the Boneless, was drowned accidentally while crossing the Kennet here, and that the town was named after him. This stems from the, probably mistaken, belief that the Battle of Ethandun took place at Eddington in Berkshire rather than Edington, Wiltshire, or Edington, Somerset.Шаблон:Cn

Literature

Hungerford is one of two places which arguably meet the criteria for Kennetbridge in Thomas Hardy's novel Jude the Obscure, being "a thriving town not more than a dozen miles south of Marygreen"[25] (Fawley) and is between Melchester (Salisbury) and Christminster (Oxford).[26] The main road (A338) from Oxford to Salisbury runs through Hungerford. The other contender is the larger town of Newbury.

Notable people

Demography

2011 Published Statistics: Population, home ownership and extracts from Physical Environment, surveyed in 2005[28]
Output area Homes owned outright Owned with a loan Socially rented Privately rented Other km² roads km² water km² domestic gardens Usual residents km²
Civil parish 834 858 367 482 43 0.500 0.337 0.789 5767 27.52

Freedom of the Town

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Town of Hungerford.

Шаблон:Expand list

Individuals

  • Jennifer Bartter: 3 September 2022.[29]
  • Martin Crane: 3 September 2022.[29]
  • Penny Locke: 3 September 2022.[29]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Berkshire Шаблон:West Berkshire Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Manorial History. Hungerford Virtual Museum. Accessed 5 April 2023.
  4. ↑ Open Domesday: Hundred of Kintbury. Accessed 5 April 2023.
  5. ↑ Open Domesday: Standen (Land of Arnulf of Hesdin). Accessed 5 April 2023.
  6. ↑ Kinwardstone Hundred. British History Online. Accessed 5 April 2023.
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Kintbury Eagle hundred. British History Online. Accessed 5 April 2023.
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Mass Murderers Шаблон:ISBN p. 169
  16. ↑ The Hungerford Report – Shooting Incidents At Hungerford On 19 August 1987, Chief Constable of Thames Valley Police Colin Smith to Home Secretary Douglas Hurd. Retrieved 24 August 2007. Шаблон:Webarchive
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:NHLE
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 Hungerford in West Berkshire – Sports. Hungerford.uk.net. Retrieved on 17 July 2013.
  23. ↑ Boulton, Bob. (29 April 2013) Hungerford RFC. Pitchero.com. Retrieved on 17 July 2013.
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Radio Birmingham interview with Munro, 11 May 1972, transcribed in part in Шаблон:Cite journal
  28. ↑ Key Statistics: Dwellings; Quick Statistics: Population Density; Physical Environment: Land Use Survey 2005
  29. ↑ 29,0 29,1 29,2 Шаблон:Cite web
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