Английская Википедия:Hut Point Peninsula

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Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox islands Hut Point Peninsula (Шаблон:Coord) is a long, narrow peninsula from Шаблон:Convert wide and Шаблон:Convert long, projecting south-west from the slopes of Mount Erebus on Ross Island, Antarctica.Шаблон:Sfn McMurdo Station (US) and Scott Base (NZ) are Antarctic research stations located on the Hut Point Peninsula.

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History

The British National Antarctic Expedition (1901–04) under Robert Falcon Scott built its hut on Hut Point, at the southern headland of the peninsula. Members of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13 (BAE), under Scott, wintering on Cape Evans and often using the hut during their journeys, came to refer to the whole peninsula as the Hut Point Peninsula.Шаблон:Sfn

Historic sites and monuments

Файл:Worst Journey in the World-1-221.jpg
Edward Wilson's map of Hut Point Peninsula, circa 1910

Several features on Hut Point, including the cross memorial for George Vince and the store hut for the Scott expeditions, are protected under the Antarctic Treaty.[1] Both the cross (HSM 19) and the hut (HSM 18) have been designated Historic Sites or Monuments, following proposals by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.[2] The point is protected as Antarctic Specially Protected Area No.158 largely because of its historic significance as one of the principal sites of early human activity in Antarctica.[3]

Features

Hut Point Peninsula consists of a series of basaltic scoria cones, craters and domes that were formed in the last 1.34 million years.[4] Other features around the Hut Point Peninsula include Sultans Head Rock, Descent Cliff, Hutton Cliffs, Turtle Rock, Knob Point, Danger Slopes, Arrival Heights, Crater Hill, Hut Point, Cape Armitage, Observation Hill, The Gap and Pram Point.Шаблон:Sfn

Craters

First Crater

Шаблон:Coord. A crater on Arrival Heights, located Шаблон:Convert north of Hut Point. Named by Debenham in 1912 on his local survey of Hut Point Peninsula during the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13.Шаблон:Sfn

Second Crater

Шаблон:Coord. A crater on Arrival Heights, situated Шаблон:Convert northeast of First Crater. Named by F. Debenham in 1912 on his local survey of Hut Point Peninsula during the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13.Шаблон:Sfn

Sheppard Crater

Шаблон:Coord. A distinctive breached crater rising to Шаблон:Convert high about Шаблон:Convert east of Castle Rock. Named in 2000 by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) after Deirdre Jeanette Sheppard, DSIR Antarctic Division/NZAP/Antarctica NZ librarian, 1980-96, who worked one season at Vanda Station.Шаблон:Sfn

Half Moon Crater

Шаблон:Coord. A crater Шаблон:Convert southwest of Castle Rock. Descriptively named for its shape by Frank Debenham of British Antarctic Expedition (British Antarctic Expedition), 1910-13, who made a plane table survey of the peninsula in 1912.Шаблон:Sfn

Twin Crater

Шаблон:Coord. A crater with twin nested cones that rises behind McMurdo Station and Шаблон:Convert west of Crater Hill. This crater was named Middle Crater by Frank Debenham of the British Antarctic Expedition (British Antarctic Expedition), 1910-13, apparently for its location in relation to First Crater and Crater Hill, but the name has fallen into disuse. Twin Crater, alluding to the nested cones in the crater, was applied as early as 1971 and the name has become established because of consistent use in current maps and reports.Шаблон:Sfn

Northern features

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Файл:RossIslandMap.jpg
Ross Island. Hut Point in the southwest

Features in the north of the peninsula, from north to south, include

Centipede Nunatak

Шаблон:Coord. A narrow nunatak that is Шаблон:Convert long, located Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Ford Rock in central Hut Point Peninsula. The name is allusive; snow that cuts across parts of the nunatak gives it a segmented appearance resembling that of a centipede. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN), 2000.Шаблон:Sfn

Rodgers Point

Шаблон:Coord. A point Шаблон:Convert northeast of Knob Point on the west side of Hut Point Peninsula. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (2000) after Thelma A. Rodgers, scientific officer, who was the first woman to winter-over at Scott Base, 1979.Шаблон:Sfn

Ford Rock

Шаблон:Coord. A prominent rock Шаблон:Convert northeast of Cone Hill. Cone Hill and this rock were designated "Cone Hill I" and "Cone Hill II," respectively, by the British Antarctic Expedition under Scott, 1910-13. Cone Hill has been approved for Scott's "Cone Hill I," but a new name suggested by A.J. Heine has been substituted for this prominent rock. M.R.J. Ford, New Zealand surveyor, established a survey beacon network for the McMurdo Ice Shelf Project, 1962-63. A survey beacon was established earlier on this rock by a United States Hydrographic Office survey team, 1955-56.Шаблон:Sfn

Cone Hill

Шаблон:Coord. A hill Шаблон:Convert northeast of Castle Rock. The descriptive name "Cone Hill I" was used by the British Antarctic Expedition under Robert Falcon Scott, 1910-13, but the form Cone Hill has come into general use.Шаблон:Sfn

Ackley Point

Шаблон:Coord. An ice-covered point Шаблон:Convert southeast of Cone Hill on the east side of Hut Point Peninsula. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 2000 after Stephen F. Ackley, Snow and Ice Division, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), Hanover, New Hampshire, a U.S. Antarctic Project (USAP) sea ice specialist who worked in McMurdo Sod and diverse parts of the Southern Ocean for more than 25 years, dating from the 1976-77 austral season.Шаблон:Sfn

Central features

Features in the center of the peninsula, from north to south, include

Knob Point

Шаблон:Coord. A rounded coastal point on the west side of Hut Point Peninsula. The feature lies Шаблон:Convert west of Castle Rock. The name was adopted by US-ACAN on the recommendation of Gerald L. Kooyman, USARP biologist who studied physiological characteristics related to diving in the Weddell seal in this vicinity, 1963-64 and 1964-65. Kooyman reported that this descriptive name was already in use by other field workers in the area.Шаблон:Sfn

Castle Rock

Файл:Castle Rock - Antarctica.jpg
Castle Rock

Шаблон:Main Шаблон:Coord. Bold rock crag, Шаблон:Convert high, standing Шаблон:Convert northeast of Hut Point on the central ridge of Hut Point Peninsula. Discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition (BrNAE) (1901-04) under Scott, who so named it because of its shape.Шаблон:Sfn

Boulder Cones

Шаблон:Coord. A descriptive name for cones Шаблон:Convert southwest of Castle Rock. Named by Frank Debenham of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13 (BrAE), who made a plane table survey of the peninsula in 1912.Шаблон:Sfn

Arrival Heights

Файл:642 - Completed hutt and arials.jpg
Auroral radar installed at Arrival Heights, circa 1959

Шаблон:Main Шаблон:Coord. Clifflike heights which extend in a NE--southwest direction along the west side of Hut Point Peninsula, just north of Hut Point. Discovered and named by the BrNAE, 1901-04, under Scott. The name suggests the expedition's arrival at its winter headquarters at nearby Hut Point.Шаблон:Sfn

Danger Slopes

Файл:George Vince's Cross.jpg
George Vince's Cross

Шаблон:Coord. An ice slope just south of Knob Point. The initial slope is very steep and it terminates west in a sheer drop to Erebus Bay. So named by BrNAE (1901-04) because Seaman Vince of BrNAE lost his life here in a blizzard when he slipped and fell into the sea.Шаблон:Sfn

Starr Lake

Шаблон:Coord. A small meltwater lake which is a source of water for McMurdo Station. The lake is situated in the area of constant snow cover on Hut Point Peninsula, approximately Шаблон:Convert north of the station and midway between First Crater and Crater Hill. The name Starr Lake came into general use at McMurdo Station for this feature in the early 1970's. It is named after James W. Starr, steelworker, United States Navy, who was closely associated with the development of the lake as a source of station water.Шаблон:Sfn

Crater Hill

Шаблон:Coord. A hill, Шаблон:Convert high, marked by a volcanic crater at its summit, about Шаблон:Convert north of Observation Hill in the south part of Hut Point Peninsula. Discovered and named by the BrNAE under Scott, 1901-04.Шаблон:Sfn

Polar Bear Point

Шаблон:Coord. An ice-covered point Шаблон:Convert southeast of Castle Rock on the east side of Hut Point Peninsula. A breached crater stands Шаблон:Convert north-northwest, but no rock is exposed on the point which is well defined and elevated at the juncture with McMurdo Ice Shelf. The name is allusive; when viewed from the west, the appearance of the point is suggestive of the head, neck, and fore part of an Arctic polar bear. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN), 2000.Шаблон:Sfn

Southern features

Features in the south of the peninsula, from west to east, include

Black Knob

Шаблон:Coord. A descriptive name for a rock outcrop Шаблон:Convert west of Twin Crater/Middle Crater. The name has been used in reports and maps since at least 1971.Шаблон:Sfn

Winter Quarters Bay

Файл:Mcmurdo sound southern cross usns.jpg
Prefabricated hut erected by the National Antarctic Discovery Expedition (1901-1904) adjacent to Winter Quarters Bay, middle right.

Шаблон:Main Шаблон:Coord. A small bay immediately east of Hut Point, at the south end of Ross Island. Discovered by the BrNAE, 1901-04, and so named because the expedition ship Discovery was moored in the bay and "frozen-in" during the winter seasons of 1902 and 1903.Шаблон:Sfn

Hut Point

Шаблон:Coord. A small point lying Шаблон:Convert northwest of Cape Armitage, at the south end of Hut Point Peninsula. Discovered and named by the BrNAE (1901-04) under Scott, who established their hut on the point.Шаблон:Sfn

Observation Hill

Файл:Observation Hill.jpg
Observation Hill as seen from Hut Point

Шаблон:Main Шаблон:Coord. Conical hill, Шаблон:Convert high, surmounting Cape Armitage at the south end of Hut Point Peninsula. Discovered by the BrNAE, 1901-04, under Scott, and so named because it forms an excellent lookout station.Шаблон:Sfn

Cape Armitage

Шаблон:Coord. Cape forming the south end of Hut Point Peninsula and the southernmost point of Ross Island. Discovered by the BrNAE, 1901-04, under Scott, and named by him for Lieutenant (later Captain) Albert B. Armitage, second in command and navigator on the Discovery.Шаблон:Sfn

Fortress Rocks

Шаблон:Coord. A cluster of low rock summits Шаблон:Convert north of the summit of Observation Hill on Hut Point Peninsula. A descriptive name given by members of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13, under Scott.Шаблон:Sfn

The Gap

Шаблон:Coord. A pass between Crater Hill and Observation Hill at the south end of Hut Point Peninsula. Charted and named by the BrNAE, 1901-04, under Scott. BrNAE sledge parties traversed the south end of the peninsula via this low level passage.Шаблон:Sfn

Pram Point

Шаблон:Coord. Low rounded point on the southeast side of Hut Point Peninsula, about Шаблон:Convert northeast of Cape Armitage. Discovered by the BrNAE, under Scott, 1901-04, who so named it because it is necessary during the summer months to use a pram in the open water adjacent to the point when traveling between the south end of Hut Point Peninsula and the Ross Ice Shelf.Шаблон:Sfn

References

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Sources

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Шаблон:Portal bar Шаблон:Ross Island Шаблон:Antarctica Шаблон:Antarctic Specially Protected Areas Шаблон:Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Stonehouse, Bernard. Encyclopedia of Antarctica and the Southern Oceans, John Wiley and Sons, 2002. Шаблон:ISBN
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite gvp
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