Английская Википедия:Hypercoaster

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Шаблон:Short description

Файл:Ohio - Cedar Point 1.jpg
The world's first hypercoaster, Magnum XL-200 at Cedar Point

A hypercoaster is a roller coaster with a height or drop measuring at least Шаблон:Convert.[1][2]

The term was first coined by Arrow Dynamics and Cedar Point in 1989 with the opening of the world's first hypercoaster, Magnum XL-200, featuring a height of Шаблон:Convert. It was followed by Pepsi Max Big One five years later featuring a height of Шаблон:Convert. Other roller coaster manufacturers developed models with custom names, including Mega Coasters from Intamin, Hyper Coasters from Bolliger & Mabillard, and Hyper-Hybrid Coasters from Rocky Mountain Construction.[3] The competition between amusement parks to build increasingly taller roller coasters eventually led to giga coasters, which are roller coasters with a height or drop between Шаблон:Convert, and strata coasters, which are roller coasters with a height or drop above Шаблон:Convert.

History

The world's first hypercoaster was Magnum XL-200 at Cedar Point, which cost $8 million to construct. Cedar Point hired Arrow Dynamics for the design and construction began in 1988. Since its debut on May 6, 1989, Magnum XL-200 has accommodated over 36 million riders.[4] Cedar Point's official blog states that after building the ride, "...discussion was focused on just what a roller coaster such as Magnum should be called. After all, it had no loops like most of the other large steel coasters of the time and was so much bigger and faster than its non-looping brethren. After a couple of years, the name everyone agreed upon was hypercoaster."[5]

Description

Hypercoasters were originally built for speed and airtime, to counter the trend of constructing bigger and bigger looping coasters. To accomplish this the elements of a hypercoaster often include a large first drop, several additional drops of declining height, a large turn or helix, and then many airtime-inducing hills. Hypercoasters are commonly designed with an out and back layout, although there are occasionally hypercoasters that use a twisted layout, such as Raging Bull at Six Flags Great America, and others that combine both, such as Diamondback at Kings Island.

Hypercoasters are highly-ranked in the annual Amusement Today Golden Ticket Awards. In 2006, Six Flags New England's Superman: Ride of Steel (later named Bizarro and Superman The Ride) was ranked first place. Others such as Magnum XL-200 (third), Nitro (fourth), and Apollo's Chariot (fifth) followed closely behind in the top five, with hypercoasters making up the majority of the Top 10 Steel Coasters.[6] By 2010, hypercoasters completely filled the top 10, as well as 16 of the top 20.[7]

Hypercoasters were first manufactured by Arrow Dynamics in the late 1980s to early 1990s. Since then, a number of companies, including Bolliger & Mabillard, Intamin, D. H. Morgan Manufacturing, and Giovanola have designed and constructed hypercoasters.

Though hypercoasters are typically steel roller coasters, Son of Beast at Kings Island was the first and only wooden hypercoaster. Due to a number of issues, the ride was eventually demolished in 2012.[8][9]

In 2018, Cedar Point opened the first hybrid hypercoaster, Steel Vengeance. Steel Vengeance is the first hypercoaster manufactured by Rocky Mountain Construction.[10]

Bolliger & Mabillard

Шаблон:Infobox attraction model

Файл:Diamondback splashdown from the station.jpg
A train in the splashdown element.

Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M) has produced 18 models over 21 years of production of hyper coasters, making it one of the more successful models manufactured by the company.[11]

The first installation of the hyper coaster was Apollo's Chariot located in Busch Gardens Williamsburg.[12][13] It was one of the two models released in 1999, the other being the Floorless Coaster. It was made in a similar style to the TOGO, D. H. Morgan Manufacturing, and Arrow Dynamics hypercoasters. In 2012, B&M produced its first giga coaster, Leviathan at Canada's Wonderland, exceeding 300 feet in height. Bolliger & Mabillard do not use the term giga, but have continued to produce roller coasters in this class.[14]

The typical design of B&M's hyper coaster model includes a large lift hill then a large drop with a steep angle of descent, and typically includes airtime hills. One exception, Raging Bull at Six Flags Great America does not have this standard "out-and-back" layout, but rather features a "twister" layout.[15]

The trains feature seven to nine cars of one row with four seats, resulting in each train seating 28 to 36 riders. Depending on the dispatch time and the number of trains, the coasters typically have a capacity of 1,200 to 1,500 riders per hour. Each seat features a unique clamshell restraint. Some trains used on B&M Hyper Coasters feature staggered seats, where the two outer seats are located farther back than the two center seats, creating a more open experience. Currently, this staggered seating arrangement is only featured on four coasters: Behemoth at Canada's Wonderland, Diamondback at Kings Island, Thunder Striker at Carowinds, and Shambhala at PortAventura Park.

Golden Ticket Awards

Шаблон:See also The B&M Hyper Coaster has been the most successful model in the Golden Ticket Awards.Шаблон:Citation needed

B&M Hyper Coasters in the Top 15 Steel Coasters at the Golden Ticket Awards
Coaster 2009[16] 2010[17] 2011[18] 2012[19] 2013[20] 2014[21] 2015[22] 2016[23] 2017[24] 2018[25] 2019[26]
Nitro 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 4th 5th 5th 5th 7th 11th 10th
Apollo's Chariot 5th 4th 7th 4th 5th 7th 6th 6th 11th 6th 8th
Goliath (SFOG) 4th 5th 4th 9th 7th 9th 12th 14th
Diamondback 7th 11th 10th 14th 4th 11th 9th 8th 10th 14th
Behemoth 12th 13th 15th 15th
Raging Bull 14th
Thunder Striker 7th 8th 10th 7th 8th
Leviathan 15th 6th 8th 7th 6th 8th 9th
Fury 325 4th 1st 1st 1st 1st
Mako 15th

List of hypercoasters

The following is a list of roller coasters with a height of at least Шаблон:Convert. Shuttle roller coasters are typically not classified as hypercoasters and are therefore listed separately.[27]

Manufacturer Number Production
Intamin 23 (5 Shuttle) Шаблон:Yes
Bolliger & Mabillard 20 Шаблон:Yes
Arrow Dynamics 5 Шаблон:No
D. H. Morgan Manufacturing 5 Шаблон:No
Premier Rides 4 (All Shuttle) Шаблон:No
S&S Worldwide 4 Шаблон:No
Mack Rides 4 Шаблон:Yes
Rocky Mountain Construction 3 Шаблон:Yes
Giovanola 2 Шаблон:No
TOGO 2 Шаблон:No
Gerstlauer 2 Шаблон:Yes
Chance Morgan 1 Шаблон:No
Lagoon Amusement Park 1 Шаблон:No
Meisho Amusement Machines 1 (All Shuttle) Шаблон:No
Roller Coaster Corporation of America 1 Шаблон:No
S&S Sansei 1 Шаблон:Yes
Vekoma 2 (1 Shuttle) Шаблон:Yes

Complete circuit

Name Park Country Manufacturer Height Opened Status Ref
Magnum XL-200 Cedar Point Шаблон:Flag Arrow Dynamics Шаблон:Convert May 1989 Operating [28]
The Big One Blackpool Pleasure Beach Шаблон:Flag Arrow Dynamics Шаблон:Convert May 1994 Operating [29]
Desperado Buffalo Bill's Шаблон:Flag Arrow Dynamics Шаблон:Convert August 1994 Closed [30]
Wild Thing Valleyfair Шаблон:Flag D. H. Morgan Manufacturing Шаблон:Convert May 1996 Operating [31]
Fujiyama Fuji-Q Highland Шаблон:Flag TOGO Шаблон:Convert July 1996 Operating [32]
Big Apple Coaster New York-New York Hotel & Casino Шаблон:Flag TOGO Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Refn January 1997 Operating [33]
Steel Force Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom Шаблон:Flag D. H. Morgan Manufacturing Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Refn May 1997 Operating [34]
Mamba Worlds of Fun Шаблон:Flag D. H. Morgan Manufacturing Шаблон:Convert April 1998 Operating [35]
Apollo's ChariotШаблон:Efn Busch Gardens Williamsburg Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Refn March 1999 Operating [36]
Raging Bull Six Flags Great America Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Refn May 1999 Operating [37]
Ride of Steel Six Flags Darien Lake Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert May 1999 Operating [38]
Goliath Six Flags Magic Mountain Шаблон:Flag Giovanola Шаблон:Convert February 2000 Operating [39]
Superman The Ride Six Flags New England Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert May 1999 Operating [40]
Superman – Ride of Steel Six Flags America Шаблон:Flag Intamin 208 ft

(63 m)

May 2000 Operating [41]
Millennium ForceШаблон:Efn Cedar Point Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert May 2000 Operating [42]
Son of Beast Kings Island Шаблон:Flag Roller Coaster Corporation of America Шаблон:Convert May 2000 Defunct [43]
Steel Dragon 2000Шаблон:Efn Nagashima Spa Land Шаблон:Flag D. H. Morgan Manufacturing Шаблон:Convert August 2000 Operating [44]
Nitro Six Flags Great Adventure Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert April 2001 Operating [45]
Titan Six Flags Over Texas Шаблон:Flag Giovanola Шаблон:Convert April 2001 Operating [46]
Phantom's Revenge Kennywood Шаблон:Flag D. H. Morgan Manufacturing/Arrow Dynamics Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Refn May 2001 Operating [47]
X2 Six Flags Magic Mountain Шаблон:Flag Arrow Dynamics Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Refn January 2002 Operating [48]
Silver Star Europa-Park Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert March 2002 Operating [49]
Xcelerator Knott's Berry Farm Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert June 2002 Operating [50]
Thunder Dolphin Tokyo Dome City Attractions Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert May 2003 Operating [51]
Top Thrill DragsterШаблон:Efn Cedar Point Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert May 2003 Closed [52]
Superman el Último Escape Six Flags México Шаблон:Flag Chance Morgan Шаблон:Convert November 2004 Operating [53]
SheiKra Busch Gardens Tampa Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert May 2005 Operating [54]
Kingda KaШаблон:Efn Six Flags Great Adventure Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert May 2005 Operating [55]
Stealth Thorpe Park Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert March 2006 Operating [56]
Goliath Six Flags Over Georgia Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert April 2006 Operating [57]
Zaturn Space World Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert April 2006 Defunct [58]
Eejanaika Fuji-Q Highland Шаблон:Flag S&S Worldwide Шаблон:Convert July 2006 Operating [59]
Griffon Busch Gardens Williamsburg Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert May 2007 Operating [60]
Behemoth Canada's Wonderland Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert May 2008 Operating [61]
Diamondback Kings Island Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert April 2009 Operating [62]
Diving Coaster Happy Valley Shanghai Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert August 2009 Operating [63]
Thunder Striker Carowinds Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert March 2010 Operating [64]
Intimidator 305Шаблон:Efn Kings Dominion Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert April 2010 Operating [65]
Wild Eagle Dollywood Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert March 2012 Operating [66]
LeviathanШаблон:Efn Canada's Wonderland Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert April 2012 Operating [67]
Dinoconda China Dinosaurs Park Шаблон:Flag S&S Worldwide Шаблон:Convert April 2012 Operating [68]
Shambhala PortAventura Park Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert May 2012 Operating [69]
Skyrush Hersheypark Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert May 2012 Operating [70]
Bullet CoasterШаблон:Efn Happy Valley Shenzhen Шаблон:Flag S&S Worldwide Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Refn July 2012 Operating [71]
OCT Thrust SSC1000Шаблон:Efn Happy Valley Wuhan Шаблон:Flag S&S Worldwide Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Refn March 2014 Operating [72]
Fury 325Шаблон:Efn Carowinds Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert March 2015 Operating [73]
The Oath of Kärnan Hansa Park Шаблон:Flag Gerstlauer Шаблон:Convert July 2015 Operating [74]
Cannibal Lagoon Amusement Park Шаблон:Flag Lagoon Amusement Park Шаблон:Convert July 2015 Operating [75]
Flash Lewa Adventure Шаблон:Flag Mack Rides Шаблон:Convert January 2016 Operating [76]
Flying Aces Ferrari World Abu Dhabi Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert February 2016 Operating [77]
Valravn Cedar Point Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert May 2016 Operating [78]
Coaster Through the Clouds Nanchang Wanda Park Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert May 2016 Operating [79]
Mako SeaWorld Orlando Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert June 2016 Operating [80]
Red ForceШаблон:Efn Ferrari Land Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert April 2017 Operating [81]
DC Rivals HyperCoaster Warner Brothers Movie World Шаблон:Flag Mack Rides Шаблон:Convert September 2017 Operating [82]
Steel Vengeance Cedar Point Шаблон:Flag Rocky Mountain Construction Шаблон:Convert May 2018 Operating [83]
Draken Gyeongju World Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Convert May 2018 Operating [84]
Hyperion Energylandia Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Refn July 2018 Operating [85]
Hyper Coaster Land Of Legends Park Шаблон:Flag Mack Rides Шаблон:Convert 2018 Operating [86]
Yukon Striker Canada's Wonderland Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Refn May 2019 Operating [87]
Steel Curtain Kennywood Шаблон:Flag S&S Sansei Шаблон:Convert July 2019 Operating [88]
Zadra Energylandia Шаблон:Flag Rocky Mountain Construction Шаблон:Convert August 2019 Operating [89]
OrionШаблон:Efn Kings Island Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Refn July 2020 Operating [90]
Candymonium Hersheypark Шаблон:Flag Bolliger & Mabillard 210 ft (64 m) July 2020 Operating [91]
Iron Gwazi Busch Gardens Tampa Шаблон:Flag Rocky Mountain Construction Шаблон:Convert March 2022 Operating [92]
Beyond the Cloud Suzhou Amusement Land Forest World Шаблон:Flag Mack Rides Шаблон:Convert July 2022 Operating [93]
Hyperia Thorpe Park Шаблон:Flag Mack Rides Шаблон:Convert 2024 Under construction [94]
Falcons FlightШаблон:Efn Six Flags Qiddiya Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert TBD Under construction [95]
Iron Rattler Six Flags Qiddiya Шаблон:Flag Vekoma Шаблон:Convert TBD Under construction [96]
Spitfire Six Flags Qiddiya Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert TBD Under construction [97]

Shuttle

Name Park Country Manufacturer Height Opened Status Ref
Moonsault Scramble Fuji-Q Highland Шаблон:Flag Meisho Amusement Machines Шаблон:Convert June 1983 Defunct [98]
Tower of Terror IIШаблон:Efn Dreamworld Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert January 1997 Defunct [99]
Superman: Escape from KryptonШаблон:Efn Six Flags Magic Mountain Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert March 1997 Operating [100]
Batman & Robin: The Chiller Six Flags Great Adventure Шаблон:Flag Premier Rides Шаблон:Convert June 1997 Defunct [101]
Mr. Freeze Six Flags Over Texas Шаблон:Flag Premier Rides Шаблон:Convert March 1998 Operating [102]
Mr. Freeze Reverse Blast Six Flags St. Louis Шаблон:Flag Premier Rides Шаблон:Convert April 1998 Operating [103]
Speed – The Ride NASCAR Café Шаблон:Flag Premier Rides Шаблон:Convert April 2000 Defunct [104]
Wicked Twister Cedar Point Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert May 2002 Defunct [105]
Big Air E-DA Theme Park Шаблон:Flag Vekoma Шаблон:Convert December 2010 Operating [106]
Turbo Track Ferrari World Abu Dhabi Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert March 2017 Operating [107]
Legendary Twin Dragon / Шаблон:Lang Chongqing Sunac Land Шаблон:Flag Intamin Шаблон:Convert February 2021 Operating [108]

Шаблон:Notelist

Gallery

B&M

Other manufacturers

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Intamin Шаблон:Rollercoaster tracks

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