Английская Википедия:Hyphen War
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Refimprove
The Hyphen War (Шаблон:Lang-cs; Шаблон:Lang-sk) was the political conflict over what to call the country of Czechoslovakia after the fall of the Communist government in 1989.
Background
The official name of the country during the last 30 years of Communist rule was "Czechoslovak Socialist Republic" (in Czech and in Slovak Шаблон:Lang, or ČSSR). In December 1989—a month after the Velvet Revolution—President Václav Havel announced that the word "Socialist" would be dropped from the country's official name. Conventional wisdom suggested that it would be known as simply the "Czechoslovak Republic", which was its official name from 1920 to 1938 and again during the Third Czechoslovak Republic and early years of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1945–1960).
However, Slovak politicians felt this diminished Slovakia's equal stature, and demanded that the country's name be spelled with a hyphen (i.e. "Czecho-Slovak Republic"), as it was spelled from independence in 1918 until 1920, and again during the Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939). President Havel then changed his proposal to "Republic of Czecho-Slovakia"—a proposal that did not sit well with Czech politicians who saw reminders of the 1938 Munich Agreement, in which Nazi Germany annexed a part of that territory.Шаблон:ClarifyШаблон:Cn
Resolution
As a compromise, on 29 March 1990 the Czechoslovak parliament resolved that the country's long name was to be the "Czechoslovak Federative Republic," explicitly acknowledging that the country was a federation. The name was to be spelled without a hyphen in Czech (Шаблон:Lang), but with a hyphen in Slovak (Шаблон:Lang).[1][2][3] An informal agreement on the Slovak long-form name was to be codified in a future law on state symbols.Шаблон:Fact
This solution was found to be unsatisfactory, and less than a month later, on 20 April 1990, the parliament changed the name again, to the "Czech and Slovak Federative Republic" (Шаблон:Lang-cs, Шаблон:Lang-sk, or ČSFR). This law explicitly listed the long-form names in both languages and stated they were equal.[4][5][6]
Generally, only the first word of a country's name is capitalized in Czech and Slovak. Capitalizing all of the words eliminated issues of prestige around the capitalization of "Шаблон:Lang".
Although the Slovaks were demanding a hyphen (Czech, Slovak: Шаблон:Lang), the Czechs called it a dash (Czech, Slovak: Шаблон:Lang). Although there is a clear difference between a hyphen and a dash in Czech and Slovak spelling (a hyphen is used to mark a connection between two words, while a dash is used in other cases), both Czechs and Slovaks usually use the term Шаблон:Lang for both.Шаблон:Fact Nonetheless, English language media generally refer to the conflict as the "Hyphen War".Шаблон:Fact
While the Hyphen War was not really deserving of the name "war", it demonstrated that there were differences between Czechs and Slovaks regarding the identity of their shared country. Over the following two years, more substantial disputes arose between the two halves of the federation. In 1992, Czech and Slovak politicians agreed to split the country into the two states of the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic—the so-called Velvet Divorce—which became effective on 1 January 1993.
See also
References
External links
- "Velvet Revolution to Velvet Divorce", Hoover Institution (PDF)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Lang, 20 April 1990 Шаблон:In lang (Constitutional law about the change of the name of the Czecho-slovak Federative Republic)
