Английская Википедия:IBGE Ecological Reserve

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Шаблон:Infobox protected area The IBGE Ecological Reserve (Шаблон:Lang-pt,Шаблон:Efn formerly named as Reserva Ecológica do Roncador (RECOR) ), is a protected area in the Federal District, Brazil. It has a diverse ecology including various rare or endangered species, and is an important center for research into the ecology of the poorly protected Cerrado environment. Numerous scientific papers have referred to research conducted in the reserve.

Location

Файл:IBGE Ecological Reserve sketch map.svg
Sketch map

The IBGE Ecological Reserve covers Шаблон:Convert and is Шаблон:Convert south of Brasilia. It is bounded by the University of Brasília's Шаблон:Convert experimental farm Fazenda Água Limpa (FAL) to the west and the Шаблон:Convert Estação Ecológica do Jardim Botânico de Brasília (EEJBB) to the north and east.Шаблон:Sfn These form the Environmental Protection Area of the Gama-Cabeça de Veado District, with Шаблон:Convert of contiguous protected area.Шаблон:Sfn The reserve is a very representative zone of central Brazil, with all the typical aspects of the cerrado.Шаблон:Sfn

The terrain consists of a gently sloping plateau divided by stream valleys, and ranges in altitude from Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn It is drained towards the northwest by the Taquara, the Taquara's tributary the Roncador, and the Roncador's tributaries the Escondido, Monjolo and Pitoco.Шаблон:Sfn The area includes Precambrian metasedimentary rocks of the Paranoá Group from the Brasiliano orogeny (550 to 900 million years ago), but most of the land is covered by Tertiary detrital laterite material.Шаблон:Sfn

The reserve is one of the permanent conservation areas of the Federal District along with Brasília National Park (Parque Nacional de Brasília), the Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas and the Estação Ecológica do Jardim Botânico de Brasília. It is one of the core areas of the Cerrado Biosphere Reserve created by UNESCO in the Federal District in 1993. It is also part of the Federal Government's Central Plateau Environmental Protection Area (Área de Proteção Ambiental - APA do Planalto Central).Шаблон:Sfn Access is restricted to researchers.Шаблон:Sfn

History

Until 1956 the area occupied by the reserve had been occupied by cattle herders and subsistence farmers.Шаблон:Sfn The Federal District requisitioned the land that year, and donated it to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, IBGE) in 1961. The IBGE created the Reserva Ecológica do Roncador (RECOR) on 22 December 1975 as an ecological reserve for scientific research into the Brazilian Cerrado. In 1978 the Brazilian Institute for Forest Development (Instituto Brasileiro de Desenvolvimento Florestal, IBDF) recognized the reserve as a permanent conservation area of scientific interest. The name was changed to the Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, although the acronym RECOR was retained.Шаблон:Sfn

Around this time several scientific papers were published on subjects such as insect ecology, tree growth and heavy metal pollution in the reserve. The IBGE created a fire brigade, a specialized library and administrative buildings. A weather station was established in 1979–80, and a nursery was started for studies on plant propagation.Шаблон:Sfn The reserve has laboratories for animal and plant ecology.Шаблон:Sfn By the mid 1980s the reserve was one of main areas of research into the cerrado in the Federal District. RECOR continues to be an extremely active center of research.Шаблон:Sfn

The Cerrado is the richest savanna ecosystem in the world.Шаблон:Sfn Only 2.2% is fully protected in Brazil. As of 2009 the biome was being destroyed at about Шаблон:Convert annually, so the need to document the ecology is urgent.Шаблон:Sfn Researchers have studied plants, fish, birds, mammals and insects of the cerrado, and the impact of fire.Шаблон:Sfn As of 2011 more than 1,000 scientific works had used research from the reserve, including 177 doctoral dissertations and theses.Шаблон:Sfn

Climate and ecology

There is a rainy season from September/October until April/May, and a dry season from May to September. Average annual rainfall is Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn The average annual temperature is Шаблон:Convert, with average range from Шаблон:Convert in June/July to Шаблон:Convert in September/October, after which cloud cover reduces the amount of sunshine.Шаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:Weather box

There are two distinct types of vegetation zone, one covering the well-drained interfluvial areas and the other in the wetter and more fertile areas along the watercourses.Шаблон:Sfn The gallery forests cover about Шаблон:Convert and are rich in species and play an important role in protecting water and wildlife.Шаблон:Sfn As of 2004 1,829 species of vascular plant had been collected in the IBGE Ecological Reserve, including 1,503 native species and 326 exotic species.Шаблон:Sfn The phanerogamic vegetation has been called "the most diverse arboreal flora of Central Brazil."Шаблон:Sfn 18 species of liverworts have been collected, from eight families.Шаблон:Sfn The reserve has native grasses such as Tristachya leiostachya, Olyra ciliatifolia and Olyra taquara and several species of micro-orchid.Шаблон:Sfn

A number of new species of amphibians and reptiles have been identified on the reserve.Шаблон:Sfn In total 101 species of herpetofauna have been found including 37 frogs, 20 lizards and 37 snakes. This may well understate the diversity, particularly of snakes.Шаблон:Sfn There are more than 250 species of birds.Шаблон:Sfn Two groups of migratory birds frequent the reserve, "winter species" and "spring species", both of which arrive during periods when insects are abundant so food is plentiful.Шаблон:Sfn The reserve has diverse wildlife.Шаблон:Sfn Some of these are endangered, such as the giant anteater, the maned wolf and the pampas deer.Шаблон:Sfn Other rare or endangered species include Brasília tapaculo, a bird, Brasilia lyrefin, a fish, and bush dog, a canid.Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

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Sources

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