Английская Википедия:IIHF World Women's Championship

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:For Шаблон:Infobox sports league The IIHF World Women's Championship, officially the IIHF Ice Hockey Women's World Championship, is the premier international tournament in women's ice hockey. It is governed by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).

The official world competition was first held in 1990, with four more championships held in the 90s.[1] From 1989 to 1996, and in years that there was no world tournament held, there were European Championships and in 1995 and 1996 a Pacific Rim Championship. From the first Olympic Women's Ice Hockey Tournament in 1998 onward, the Olympic tournament was played instead of the IIHF Championships. Afterwards, the IIHF decided to hold Women's Championships in Olympic years, starting in 2014, but not at the top level.[2] In September 2021, it was announced that the top division will also play during Olympic years.[3]

Canada and the United States have dominated the Championship since its inception. Canada won gold at the first eight consecutive tournaments and the United States has won gold at ten of the last fourteen tournaments. Both national teams placed either first or second every tournament until Canada's streak was broken at the 2019 Championship. Finland is the third most successful World Championship team, having won thirteen bronze medals and one silver medal – achieved after breaking the Canadian gold-silver streak. Four other teams have medalled at a Women's World Championship: Russia, winning three bronze medals; Czech Republic and Sweden, each winning two; and Switzerland, winning one.

Structure and qualification

The women's tournament began as an eight-team tournament featuring Canada, the US, the top five from the 1989 European Championships, and one Asian qualifier. The same formula was used for 1992, 1994, and 1997, but changed following the first Olympic women's ice hockey tournament at the 1998 Nagano Olympics. The top five teams from the Olympic tournament qualified for the 1999 World Championship, followed by the best three from final Olympic qualification rounds. Beginning in 1999, the championship became an annual tournament and the first divisional tournaments below the Top Division were played. Along with the creation of the lower divisions, a system of promotion and relegation was introduced, allowing for movement between all divisions.

After the 2017 tournament, it was announced that tournament would expand to 10 teams for 2019, having been played with 8 teams since the first tournament in 1990, except in 2004, 2007, 2008, and 2009, where 9 teams played. The 2004 edition featured 9 teams when Japan was promoted from Division II but no team was relegated from the Top Division in 2003, due to the cancellation of the top division tournament in China because of the outbreak of the SARS disease.[4] Two teams were relegated from the Top Division in 2004, going back to 8 teams for 2005, but due to the success of the 9-team pool in 2004, IIHF decided to expand again to 9 teams for 2007.[5] IIHF reverted to 8 teams after the 2009 tournament, and play continued in this format until the expansion of 2019.[6]

Championship format

Initially, the tournament was an eight-team tournament divided into two groups, which played round-robin. The top two from each group played off for the gold, and beginning in 1999 the bottom two played off to determine placement and relegation. In 2004, 2007, 2008, and 2009 the tournament was played with nine nations, using three groups of three playing round-robin. In this format first place from each group continued on to play for gold, second place from each group played for placement and an opportunity to still play for bronze, and the third place teams played off to determine relegation. Beginning in 2011, the tournament changed the format to encourage more equal games. The top four seed nations played in Group A, where the top two teams got a bye to the semifinals, the bottom two go to the quarter-finals to face the top two finishers from Group B. The bottom two from Group B then play each other in a best of three to determine relegation. Beginning in 2019 the tournament was expanded to ten teams, bringing with it a new format. The ten teams are divided into two groups of five and play round-robin. In this format, the five teams in Group A and the top three teams from Group B move into the Quarterfinals, seeded A1vsB3, A2vsB2, A3vsB1, and A4vsA5. The bottom two from Group B now play only one 9th place game and both get relegated. As of 2021, the four teams that lose their quarterfinal games enter into a knockout tournament to determine 5th place with the winner earning a spot in Group A for the next tournament,[7] though the 2024 tournament will not include these games.[8]

Lower divisions

Outside of the Top Division tournament, participating nations play in groups of no more than six teams. Шаблон:As of, there are six group tiers across three divisions below the Top Division.[9]

Introduced in 1999 as a Division I tournament and Division I qualification tournament, the number of lower divisions rapidly expanded as more national teams gained admittance. By 2003 the lower tiers were formalized into tiered groups of six teams each, called Division I, Division II, and Division III, with promotion for the top team in each and relegation for the bottom team. By 2009 it had grown up to Division V, but in 2012 the titles were changed to match the men's tournaments; Division I became IA, Division II became IB, Division III became IIA, Division IV became IIB, and Division V became IIB Qualification. Promotion and relegation remained the same after the title changes.

Rules and eligibility

Шаблон:See also The rules of play are essentially the same as used for the men's tournaments, with one key difference: body checking is not permitted in the women's tournaments. Body checking was allowed at the first championship in 1990 but has been assessed as a minor penalty at all subsequent tournaments.

In order to be eligible to compete in IIHF events, players must be under the jurisdiction of the governing body they are representing and must be a citizen of that country. Additionally, the player must be eighteen years old, or sixteen with a medical waiver, in the season the tournament takes place.[10]

Tournaments

Year Host city/cities Final Third place match
Champions Score Runners-up Third place Score Fourth place
1990 Шаблон:Flagicon Ottawa Шаблон:Ihw-big 5–2 Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 6–3 Шаблон:Ihw-big
1992 Шаблон:Flagicon Tampere Шаблон:Ihw-big 8–0 Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 5–4 Шаблон:Ihw-big
1994 Шаблон:Flagicon Lake Placid Шаблон:Ihw-big 6–3 Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 8–1 Шаблон:Ihw-big
1997 Шаблон:Flagicon Kitchener Шаблон:Ihw-big 4–3
(OT)
Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 3–0 Шаблон:Ihw-big
1998 Competition not held during 1998 Olympics
1999 Шаблон:Flagicon Espoo/Vantaa Шаблон:Ihw-big 3–1 Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 8–2 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2000 Шаблон:Flagicon Mississauga Шаблон:Ihw-big 3–2
(OT)
Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 7–1 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2001 Шаблон:Flagicon Minneapolis Шаблон:Ihw-big 3–2 Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 2–1 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2002 Competition not held during 2002 Olympics
2003 Competition at top level was cancelled due to SARS outbreak in China
2004 Шаблон:Flagicon Halifax/Dartmouth Шаблон:Ihw-big 2–0 Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 3–2 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2005 Шаблон:Flagicon Linköping/Norrköping Шаблон:Ihw-big 1–0
(SO)
Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 5–2 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2006 Competition not held during 2006 Olympics
2007 Шаблон:Flagicon Winnipeg/Selkirk Шаблон:Ihw-big 5–1 Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 1–0 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2008 Шаблон:Flagicon Harbin Шаблон:Ihw-big 4–3 Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 4–1 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2009 Шаблон:Flagicon Hämeenlinna Шаблон:Ihw-big 4–1 Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 4–1 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2010 Competition not held during 2010 Olympics
2011 Шаблон:Flagicon Zürich/Winterthur Шаблон:Ihw-big 3–2
(OT)
Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 3–2
(OT)
Шаблон:Ihw-big
2012 Шаблон:Flagicon Burlington Шаблон:Ihw-big 5–4
(OT)
Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 6–2 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2013 Шаблон:Flagicon Ottawa Шаблон:Ihw-big 3–2 Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 2–0 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2014 Competition not held at top level during 2014 Olympics
2015 Шаблон:Flagicon Malmö Шаблон:Ihw-big 7–5 Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 4–1 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2016 Шаблон:Flagicon Kamloops Шаблон:Ihw-big 1–0
(OT)
Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 1–0
(SO)
Шаблон:Ihw-big
2017 Шаблон:Flagicon Plymouth Шаблон:Ihw-big 3–2
(OT)
Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 8–0 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2018 Competition not held at top level during 2018 Olympics
2019 Шаблон:Flagicon Espoo Шаблон:Ihw-big 2–1
(SO)
Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 7–0 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2020 Competition at top level, Division I, and Division II Group A was cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic
2021 Шаблон:Flagicon Calgary Шаблон:Ihw-big 3–2
(OT)
Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 3–1 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2022 Шаблон:Flagicon Herning/Frederikshavn Шаблон:Ihw-big 2–1
Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 4–2 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2023 Шаблон:Flagicon Brampton Шаблон:Ihw-big 6–3
Шаблон:Ihw-big Шаблон:Ihw-big 3–2 Шаблон:Ihw-big
2024 Шаблон:Flagicon Utica, New York
2025 Шаблон:Flagicon České Budějovice
2026 Шаблон:Flagicon TBD [11]
2027
2028
2029
2030 Шаблон:Flagicon TBD [11]

Participation and medals

Country Tournaments First Last Gold Silver Bronze Total Best finish (first/last)
Шаблон:Ihw 22 1990 2023 12 9 1 22 1st (1990/2022)
Шаблон:Ihw 22 1990 2023 10 12 0 22 1st (2005/2023)
Шаблон:Ihw 22 1990 2023 0 1 13 14 2nd (2019)
Шаблон:Ihw 17 1997 2021 0 0 3 3 3rd (2001/2016)
Шаблон:Ihw 8 2013 2023 0 0 2 2 3rd (2022/2023)
Шаблон:Ihw 21 1990 2023 0 0 2 2 3rd (2005/2007)
Шаблон:Ihw 18 1990 2023 0 0 1 1 3rd (2012)
Шаблон:Ihw 11 1992 2009 0 0 0 0 4th (1994/1997)
Шаблон:Ihw 17 1990 2023 0 0 0 0 4th (2017)
Шаблон:Ihw 10 1990 2023 0 0 0 0 5th (2022)
Шаблон:Ihw 4 1990 1997 0 0 0 0 6th (1990/1994)
Шаблон:Ihw 4 2001 2011 0 0 0 0 6th (2009)
Шаблон:Ihw 3 1992 2022 0 0 0 0 7th (1992)
Шаблон:Ihw 2 2011 2012 0 0 0 0 7th (2011)
Шаблон:Ihw 3 2021 2023 0 0 0 0 8th (2022)
Шаблон:Ihw 2 2019 2023 0 0 0 0 10th (2019/2023)

Awards

Шаблон:Main

At most IIHF events, the tournament directorate awards the Best Forward, Best Defenceman, Best Goalkeeper and Most Valuable Player (MVP). At the Women's World Championship, these honours have been awarded in some combination since the first tournament, with the exception of 1997 and the cancelled tournaments in 2003 and 2020.

All-time record

as of end of 2023 IIHF Women's World Championship

Шаблон:Abbr Team Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr
1 Шаблон:FlagiconUSA 22 10 12 0 0 118 99 11 1 5 2 179 758 169 589
2 Шаблон:FlagiconCanada 22 12 9 1 0 118 99 16 0 2 1 165 700 157 543
3 Шаблон:FlagiconFinland 22 0 1 13 6 122 65 50 2 2 3 106 419 313 106
4 Шаблон:FlagiconSweden 21 0 0 2 6 109 51 48 4 4 2 112 311 351 -40
5 Шаблон:FlagiconSwitzerland 18 0 0 1 4 91 32 52 1 3 3 54 187 394 -207
6 Шаблон:FlagiconRussia 17 0 0 3 3 87 29 51 2 3 2 49 170 382 -212
7 Шаблон:FlagiconWest Germany (1990)/Germany (1992-) 17 0 0 0 1 82 28 48 2 6 0 53 143 347 -204
8 Шаблон:FlagiconCzech Republic 7 0 0 2 0 39 22 14 0 1 2 50 101 95 6
9 Шаблон:FlagiconChina 11 0 0 0 2 51 17 29 4 0 1 27 123 234 -111
10 Шаблон:FlagiconJapan 10 0 0 0 0 54 13 37 0 2 2 28 82 240 -158
11 Шаблон:FlagiconNorway 4 0 0 0 0 20 4 15 1 0 0 3 42 123 -81
12 Шаблон:FlagiconSlovakia 2 0 0 0 0 10 3 6 0 0 1 3 12 27 -15
13 Шаблон:FlagiconHungary 3 0 0 0 0 14 3 9 0 2 0 10 25 55 -30
14 Шаблон:FlagiconDenmark 3 0 0 0 0 13 2 11 0 0 0 2 16 52 -36
15 Шаблон:FlagiconKazakhstan 4 0 0 0 0 23 2 19 1 0 1 2 19 126 -107
16 Шаблон:FlagiconFrance 2 0 0 0 0 8 1 7 0 0 0 2 10 39 -29

Lower division tournaments

Year Group B Qualification for Group B
Host city/cities Winner Host city/cities Winner
1999 Colmar, France Шаблон:Ihw Székesfehérvár, Hungary;
Pyongyang, North Korea;
Almaty, Kazakhstan
Шаблон:Ihw
Шаблон:Ihw
2000 Riga and Liepāja, Latvia Шаблон:Ihw Шаблон:Nowrap Шаблон:Ihw
Division I Division II Division III Division IV Division V
Host city Winner Host city/cities Winner Host city Winner Host city Winner Host city Winner
2001 Briançon, France Шаблон:Ihw Qualification: Bucharest, Romania;
Maribor, Slovenia
Шаблон:Ihw
Шаблон:Ihw
2003 Ventspils, Latvia Шаблон:Ihw Lecco, Italy Шаблон:Ihw Maribor, Slovenia Шаблон:Ihw
2004 Ventspils, Latvia Шаблон:Ihw Sterzing, Italy Шаблон:Ihw Maribor, Slovenia Шаблон:Ihw
2005 Romanshorn, Switzerland Шаблон:Ihw Asiago, Italy Шаблон:Ihw Cape Town, South Africa Шаблон:Ihw Dunedin, New Zealand Шаблон:Ihw
2007 Nikkō, Japan Шаблон:Ihw Pyongyang, North Korea Шаблон:Ihw Sheffield, United Kingdom Шаблон:Ihw Miercurea Ciuc, Romania Шаблон:Ihw
2008 Ventspils, Latvia Шаблон:Ihw Vierumäki, Finland Шаблон:Ihw Miskolc, Hungary Шаблон:Ihw Miercurea Ciuc, Romania Шаблон:Ihw
2009 Graz, Austria Шаблон:Ihw Torre Pellice, Italy Шаблон:Ihw
2011 Ravensburg, Germany Шаблон:Ihw Caen, France Шаблон:Ihw Newcastle, Australia Шаблон:Ihw Reykjavík, Iceland Шаблон:Ihw Sofia, Bulgaria Шаблон:Ihw
Division I A Division I B Division II A Division II B Division II B Qualification
Host city Winner Host city Winner Host city Winner Host city Winner Host city Winner
2012 Ventspils, Latvia Шаблон:Ihw Шаблон:Nowrap Шаблон:Ihw Maribor, Slovenia Шаблон:Ihw Seoul, South Korea Шаблон:Ihw
2013 Stavanger, Norway Шаблон:Ihw Strasbourg, France Шаблон:Ihw Auckland, New Zealand Шаблон:Ihw Puigcerdà, Spain Шаблон:Ihw İzmir, Turkey Шаблон:Ihw
2014 Přerov, Czech Republic Шаблон:Ihw Ventspils, Latvia Шаблон:Ihw Dumfries, United Kingdom Шаблон:Ihw Jaca, Spain Шаблон:Ihw Mexico City, Mexico Шаблон:Ihw
2015 Rouen, France Шаблон:Ihw Beijing, China Шаблон:Ihw Asiago, Italy Шаблон:Ihw Reykjavík, Iceland Шаблон:Ihw Kowloon, Hong Kong Шаблон:Ihw
2016 Aalborg, Denmark Шаблон:Ihw Asiago, Italy Шаблон:Ihw Bled, Slovenia Шаблон:Ihw Jaca, Spain Шаблон:Ihw Sofia, Bulgaria Шаблон:Ihw
2017 Graz, Austria Шаблон:Ihw Katowice, Poland Шаблон:Ihw Gangneung, South Korea Шаблон:Ihw Akureyri, Iceland Шаблон:Ihw Taipei, Taiwan Шаблон:Ihw
2018 Vaujany, France Шаблон:Ihw Asiago, Italy Шаблон:Ihw Maribor, Slovenia Шаблон:Ihw Valdemoro, Spain Шаблон:Ihw Sofia, Bulgaria Шаблон:Ihw
2019 Budapest, Hungary Шаблон:Ihw Beijing, China Шаблон:Ihw Dumfries, United Kingdom Шаблон:Ihw Brașov, Romania Шаблон:Ihw Cape Town, South Africa Шаблон:Ihw
Division I A Division I B Division II A Division II B Division III
Host city Winner Host city Winner Host city Winner Host city Winner Host city Winner
2020 Angers, France Шаблон:Ref label Katowice, Poland Шаблон:Ref label Jaca, Spain Шаблон:Ref label Akureyri, Iceland Шаблон:Ihw Sofia, Bulgaria Шаблон:Ihw
2021 Angers, France Шаблон:Ref label Beijing, China Шаблон:Ref label Jaca, Spain Шаблон:Ref label Zagreb, Croatia Шаблон:Ref label Kaunas, Lithuania Шаблон:Ref label
Division I A Division I B Division II A Division II B Division III A Division III B
Host city Winner Host city Winner Host city Winner Host city Winner Host city Winner Host city Winner
2022 Angers, France Шаблон:Ihw Katowice, Poland Шаблон:Ihw Jaca, Spain Шаблон:Ihw Zagreb, Croatia Шаблон:Ihw Sofia, Bulgaria Шаблон:Ihw Шаблон:Nowrap Шаблон:Nowrap
2023 Shenzhen, China Шаблон:Ihw Suwon, South Korea Шаблон:Ihw Mexico City, Mexico Шаблон:Ihw Cape Town, South Africa Шаблон:Ihw Brașov, Romania Шаблон:Ihw Шаблон:Nowrap Шаблон:Ihw

Notes:

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Works cited

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:IIHF Women's World Championships Шаблон:Women's ice hockey tournaments Шаблон:IIHF Шаблон:Sports country lists Шаблон:Main world championships de:Eishockey-Weltmeisterschaft#A-WM der Frauen