Английская Википедия:ISO 668

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox technology standard ISO 668 – Series 1 freight containers – Classification, dimensions and ratings is an ISO international standard which nominally classifies intermodal freight shipping containers, and standardizes their sizes, measurements and weight specifications.

The current version of the standard is the Seventh edition (2020), which integrates version E. The standard was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 104: Freight containers, Subcommittee SC 1: General purpose containers.

Introduced in 1968, ISO 668 currently regulates both external and internal dimensions of containers, as well as the minimum door opening sizes, where applicable. Minimum internal dimensions were earlier defined by ISO standard 1894: Шаблон:'General purpose series 1 freight containers – Minimum internal dimensionsШаблон:'. Its second edition appeared in 1979, but was withdrawn, once revised by ISO 1496Шаблон:Nbh1 of 1990. The current version of ISO 1496Шаблон:Nbh1 is 2013, including Amendment 1 of 2016, last reviewed and reconfirmed in 2019.

ISO 668 also specifies the respective associated gross weight ratings, and includes requirements for load transfer areas in the base structures of containers, since Amendment 1 of 2005. Amendment 2 of 2005 further added 45 foot length containers to the standard.

The maximum gross mass (MGM) rating of 20- and 30-foot length units was notably increased to Шаблон:Cvt (67,200 lbs) by Amendment 1 of 2005. Until then, the MGM for 20-foot units was Шаблон:Cvt (52,900 lbs), and for 30-foot boxes Шаблон:Cvt (56,000 lbs). However, since Amendment 2 of 2016, the maximum gross mass for ISO-standard Series 1 containers of all sizes, (except 10Шаблон:Nbhfoot units), has most recently been further increased to a maximum of Шаблон:Cvt. Draft Amendment 1 of ISO 668: 2020 – for the eighth edition – maintains this.

A separate standard is set for the required stacking strength, or 'maximum superimposed mass' (MSM) for standard containers. The ISO standard for Series 1 containers, ISO 1496Шаблон:Nbh1, established this, among other characteristics, for many years set at Шаблон:Cvt. However, in order to keep pace with the increase of container maximum gross weight, the continuing growth in container ship size, and the related height of container stacks on board the ships, the required stacking strength was increased to a superimposed weight of Шаблон:Cvt in 2005 per Amendment 3. This value was since maintained in the latest revision of Standard 1496Шаблон:Nbh1 (2013). Production statistics show that the vast majority of containers have, for many years, been built with a stacking strength at or above the 213,000 kgШаблон:Clarify figure stipulated in ISO 1496Шаблон:Nbh1. In fact, most major container operators and lessors now cause containers to be built above the required figure, with the most common superimposed strength being Шаблон:Cvt.

Scope and systematic structure

Файл:Container Stacking.jpg

Load bearing of stacked containers shown is at the 40 ft coupling. The two 20Шаблон:Nbhfoot containers at the bottom are rigidly joined with four twistlocks between them, so that they could also be placed higher in the stack. Note: 48-foot and 53-foot units can only be stacked in a 40-foot compliant stack if they are just 8 feet wide, or have special structural provisions to handle their usual 6 inch (15.2 cm) extra width. This is usually not the case.

The ISO 668 standard firstly classifies containers by their length in whole feet for their 'common names', despite all measurement units used being either metric (SI) or officially based on the metric system. The exact standard length of '30-foot' and shorter containers is actually slightly shorter than their nominal length, to accommodate for the space taken up by twist-lock couplers, required for stacking containers of unequal length.

Stacking

ISO containers up to 40Шаблон:Nbhfeet in length are only required to have the specified stacking strength at their four corners – typically achieved through four strong, vertical (steel) corner posts. Containers shorter than 40Шаблон:Nbhfoot must therefore be horizontally joined together rigidly (with four twist-locks between every two containers), to form a rigid combined whole of matching length to longer containers or another same-length joined container-combination (both underneath and above them), to be stackable – supported on the four outside corners of any resulting combination.

ISO standard 668 hence defines the exact lengths of all standard container sizes on purpose in such a way that shorter containers, joined with the also standard sized twistlocks, can always form longer, combined units of an exact length, identical to that of longer containers, or other combinations, such that the corner castings will always line up on top of the four outside corners of another, longer container, or combination, for vertical connecting and securing.

However, this does not apply when stacking 40Шаблон:Nbhfoot and 45Шаблон:Nbhfoot containers in one stack. These can be stacked interchangeably. ISO standards require 45Шаблон:Nbhfoot containers to include a second set of four strong vertical columns (like corner posts), manufactured in them, symmetrically at the 40Шаблон:Nbhfoot length position (meaning Шаблон:Cvt inwards from their actual outside corners), to support being stacked interchangeably with 40Шаблон:Nbhfoot containers.

ISO designations

ISO designation *	Common Name	External dimensions			Minimum internal dimensions **			Maximum gross mass
		Length	Height	Width	Length	Height	Width
1EEE ***	45 foot high cube	45 ft / 13.716 m	9' 6" / 2.896 m	8 ft / 2.438 m	13.542 m / 44' 5.15"	2.655 m / 8' 8.5"	2.330 m / 7' 7.73"	36,000 kg **** / 79,370 lbs
1EE ***	45 foot standard		8' 6" / 2.591 m			2.350 m / 7' 8.5"
1AAA	40 foot high cube	40 ft / 12.192 m	9' 6" / 2.896 m	8 ft / 2.438 m	11.998 m / 39' 4.375"	2.655 m / 8' 8.5"	2.330 m / 7' 7.73"	36,000 kg **** / 79,370 lbs
1AA	40 foot standard		8' 6" / 2.591 m			2.350 m / 7' 8.5"
1A	40 foot		8 ft / 2.438 m			2.197 m / 7' 2.5"
1BBB	30 foot high cube	29' 11.25" / 9.125 m	9' 6" / 2.896 m		8.931 m / 29' 3.6"	2.655 m / 8' 8.5"		36,000 kg **** / 79,370 lbs
1BB	30 foot standard		8' 6" / 2.591 m			2.350 m / 7' 8.5"
1B	30 foot		8 ft / 2.438 m			2.197 m / 7' 2.5"
1CCC	20 foot high cube	19' 10.5" / 6.058 m	9' 6" / 2.896 m		5.867 m / 19' 3"	2.655 m / 8' 8.5"
1CC	20 foot standard		8' 6" / 2.591 m			2.350 m / 7' 8.5"
1C	20 foot		8 ft / 2.438 m			2.197 m / 7' 2.5"
1D	10 foot	9' 9.75" / 2.991 m	8 ft / 2.438 m		2.802 m / 9' 2.3"	2.197 m / 7' 2.5"		10,160 kg / 22,400 lbs
1E *****	6½ foot	6' 5.5" / 1.968 m	8 ft / 2.438 m	8 ft / 2.438 m	1.778 m / 5' 10"	2.197 m / 7' 2.5"	2.330 m / 7' 7.73"	7,110 kg / 15,700 lbs
1F *****	5 foot	4' 9.5" / 1.460 m	8 ft / 2.438 m		1.270 m / 4' 2"			5,080 kg / 11,200 lbs
* The standard also recognises containers under 8 feet in height, designated as 1AX, 1BX, 1CX and 1DX, with specifications the same as other containers of their length. ** Minimum internal dimensions were previously defined by ISO standard 1894: "General purpose series 1 freight containers – Minimum internal dimensions" (2nd edition; 1979)
*** 45-foot containers were added to the standard per Amendment 2 of 2005.
**** The maximum gross mass rating of standard containers of all sizes (except 10-ft length) was increased from Шаблон:Cvt to Шаблон:Cvt, per Amendment 2 to ISO 668 (in 2016). The maximum gross mass rating of 20- and 30-foot units was earlier uprated with Amendment 1 of 2005. Until then, the MGW for 20-ft units was Шаблон:Cvt, and for 30-ft units Шаблон:Cvt.
***** 6Шаблон:Frac- and 5-foot containers (type 1E and 1F) are not in the current edition ISO 668 standard, but were standardised in previous editions, and are still made. The so-called width of these small-size containers may be perceived as their length, as it is their greatest horizontal dimension, and their doors are frequently in the short end(s).

See also

• ISO 6346 – standard covering the coding, identification and marking of intermodal containers

External links

• ISO 668:2005(E) Amendments 1 & 2 to ISO 668:1995 (attached)
• ISO 668:2013(E) Sixth edition — (pdf; archived)
• Draft amendment of eighth edition — (pdf; archived)Шаблон:Spacesincluding preview of Seventh edition ISO 668: 2020
• ISO Technical committee TC104: Freight containers