Английская Википедия:I Am that I Am

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The Hebrew text with niqqud

"I Am that I Am" is a common English translation of the Hebrew phrase Шаблон:Script/Hebrew (Шаблон:Transliteration; Шаблон:IPA-he)– also "I am who (I) am", "I will become what I choose to become", "I am what I am", "I will be what I will be", "I create what(ever) I create", or "I am the Existing One".Шаблон:Sfn

Etymology

Шаблон:Listen Шаблон:Script/Hebrew (Шаблон:Transliteration) is the first of three responses given to Moses when he asks for God's name in the Book of Exodus.[1] The word Шаблон:Script/Hebrew (Шаблон:Transliteration) is the first person singular imperfective form of Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration), 'to be', and owing to the peculiarities of Hebrew grammar means 'I am' and 'I will be'.Шаблон:Sfn The meaning of the longer phrase Шаблон:Transliteration is debated, and might be seen as a promise ('I will be with you') or as statement of incomparability ('I am without equal').Шаблон:Sfn

Biblical Hebrew did not distinguish between grammatical tenses. It instead had an aspectual system in which the perfect denoted any actions that have been completed, and imperfect denoted any actions that are not yet completed.[2][3][4] Additionally, if a verb form was [[Vav-consecutive|prefixed by Шаблон:Script/Hebrew]] (wa-), its aspect was inverted; a verb conjugated in the imperfect and prefixed by Шаблон:Script/Hebrew would read as the perfect, while a verb conjugated in the perfect and prefixed by Шаблон:Script/Hebrew would read as the imperfect. The word Шаблон:Script/Hebrew (Шаблон:Transliteration) is the first-person singular imperfect form of Шаблон:Transliteration, 'to be', which in Modern Hebrew indicates the future tense 'I will be'; however, it lacks the prefix Шаблон:Script/Hebrew which would necessitate this reading in Biblical Hebrew. It therefore may be translated as 'I am', but also as a modal form such as 'I may be', 'I would be', 'I could be', etc. Accordingly, the whole phrase can be rendered in English not only as 'I am that I am' but also as 'I will be what I will be' or 'I will be who I will be', or 'I shall prove to be whatsoever I shall prove to be' or even 'I will be because I will be'. Other renderings include: Leeser, 'I Will Be that I Will Be'; Rotherham, 'I Will Become whatsoever I please', Greek, Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration), 'I am The Being' in the Septuagint,[5] and Philo,[6][7] and the Book of Revelation[8] or, 'I am The Existing One'; Latin, Шаблон:Lang, 'I am Who I am'.

The word Шаблон:Script/Hebrew (Шаблон:Transliteration) is a relative pronoun whose meaning depends on the immediate context, therefore 'that', 'who', 'which', or 'where' are all possible translations of that word.[9]

An application of this phrase used in the New Testament has "But by the grace of God I am what I am ..." (1 Corinthians 15:10). Шаблон:Citation needed

Interpretation

According to the Hebrew Bible, in the encounter of the burning bush (Шаблон:Bibleverse), Moses asks what he is to say to the Israelites when they ask what gods ('Elohiym) have sent him to them, and YHWH replies, "I am who I am", adding, "Say this to the people of Israel, 'I am has sent me to you.Шаблон:'"Шаблон:Sfn It is somewhat remarkable that despite this exchange, the Israelites never ask Moses for the name of God.Шаблон:Sfn Then there are a number of probably unanswerable questions, including who it is that does not know God's name, Moses or the Israelites (most commentators take it that it is Moses who does not know, meaning that the Israelites will ask him the name in order to prove his credentials), and just what the statement means.Шаблон:Sfn

The last can be approached in three ways:

  • "I am who I am" – an evasion of Moses' question;Шаблон:Sfn
  • "I am who am" or "I am he who is" – a statement of the nature of Israel's God;
  • Шаблон:"'I Am' is who I am", or "I am because I am" – this version has not played a major part in scholarly discussion of the phrase, but the first variant has been incorporated into the New English Bible.Шаблон:Sfn

Roman Catholicism

St. Augustine of Hippo and St. Thomas Aquinas, Doctors of the Church, identified the Being of Exodus 3:14 with the Esse ipsum subsistens, who is God Himself, and, in metaphysics, the Being in the strong or intensive sense in whom one has all the determinations of every being in their highest degree of perfection. Therefore, this Being is actuality of every actuality (or pure Act) and perfection of all perfections. In Him, solely essence and existence (in Latin: Actus essendi) are identified. While St. Augustine had a general intuition of Him, His philosophical formulation came only with St. Thomas.[10][11]

Other views

In the Hindu Advaita Vedanta, the South Indian sage Ramana Maharshi mentions that of all the definitions of God, "none is indeed so well put as the biblical statement 'I am that I amШаблон:'". He maintained that although Hindu scripture contains similar statements, the Mahavakyas, these are not as direct as given in Exodus.[12] Further the "I am" is explained by Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj as an abstraction in the mind of the Stateless State, of the Absolute, or the Supreme Reality, called Parabrahman: it is pure awareness, prior to thoughts, free from perceptions, associations, memories. Parabrahman is often considered to be a cognate term for the Supreme Being in Hinduism.

Victor P. Hamilton suggests "some legitimate translations ..: (1) 'I am who I am'; (2) 'I am who I was'; (3) 'I am who I shall be'; (4) 'I was who I am'; (5) 'I was who I was'; (6) 'I was who I shall be'; (7) 'I shall be who I am'; (8) 'I shall be who I was'; (9) 'I shall be who I shall be'."Шаблон:Sfn

The Bahá'í Faith reference to "I Am" can be found in on page 316 of The Dawn-Breakers:[13]

Шаблон:Blockquote

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

External links

Шаблон:Wikiquote

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Bibleref.
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Hebrew TensesШаблон:Dead link
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Yonge. Philo Life Of Moses, Vol.1: 75.
  7. ↑ Life of Moses, vol. I: 75, Life of Moses vol. II: 67, 99, 132, 161 in F. H. Colson Philo Works Vol. VI, Loeb Classics, Harvard University 1941.
  8. ↑ Rev. 1:4, 1:8. 4:8 UBS Greek Text Ed. 4.
  9. ↑ Seidner, 4.Шаблон:Full citation needed
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  11. ↑ In Summa Theologiae, I.13.11: "God revealed his name to Moses as HE WHO IS. And this is a most appropriate name inasmuch as it derives not from any particular form but from existence itself [ipsum esse], and its manner of expression does not as other names do delimit God's substance, and represents God's existence in the present tense as knowing neither past nor future." As quoted in Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Talks with Ramana Maharshi, Talk 106, 29 November 1935
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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