Английская Википедия:Iaai language
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language
Iaai (Iaai pronunciation: Шаблон:IPA-xx in English as Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell) is a language of Ouvéa Island (New Caledonia). It shares the island of Ouvéa with Fagauvea, a Polynesian outlier language.
Iaai is the sixth-most-spoken language of New Caledonia, with 4078 speakers as of 2009.[1] It is taught in schools in an effort to preserve it.
The language has been studied by linguists Françoise Ozanne-Rivierre and Anne-Laure Dotte.
Phonology
Iaai is remarkable for its large inventory of unusual phonemes, in particular its consonants, with a rich variety of voiceless nasals and approximants.[2]
Vowels
Iaai has ten vowel qualities, all of which may occur long and short. There is little difference in quality depending on length.[3]
Iaai constitutes one of the few cases of front rounded vowels attested outside of their geographic stronghold in Eurasia,[4] even if other cases have since been reported in the Oceanic family.[5]
The vowel Шаблон:IPA is only known to occur in six words. In all of these but Шаблон:IPA "dedicate", it appears between a labial (b, m) and velar (k, ŋ) consonant.
After the non-labiovelarized labial consonants and the vowel Шаблон:IPA, the vowel Шаблон:IPA is pronounced Шаблон:IPA.
The open vowels only contrast in a few environments. Шаблон:IPA only occurs after the plain labial consonants and the vowel Шаблон:IPA, the same environment that produces Шаблон:IPA. Шаблон:IPA does not occur after Шаблон:IPA, but does occur elsewhere, so that there is a contrast between Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA after Шаблон:IPA.
The vowels Шаблон:IPA are written with their IPA letters. Шаблон:IPA is written û, Шаблон:IPA is written ë, Шаблон:IPA is written â, and Шаблон:IPA is written ö. Long vowels, which are twice as long as short vowels, are written double.
Consonants
Iaai has an unusual voicing distinction in its sonorants, as well as several coronal series. Unlike most languages of New Caledonia, voiced stops are not prenasalized.[3]
Unlike many languages with denti-alveolar stops, Iaai Шаблон:IPA are released abruptly, and Шаблон:IPA has a very short voice onset time. However, the apical post-alveolar and laminal palatal stops Шаблон:IPA have substantially fricated releases Шаблон:IPA, and may be better described as sounds between proper stops and affricates.
The labial approximants are placed in their respective columns following their phonological behaviour (their effects on following vowels), but there is evidence that all members of these series are either labial-palatal or labial-velar. Шаблон:IPA are sometimes pronounced as weak fricatives Шаблон:IPA.
In many cases, words with voiced and voiceless approximants are morphologically related, such as Шаблон:IPA "night" and Шаблон:IPA "black". Шаблон:IPA- and vowel-initial words have a similar relationship. The voiceless sonorant often marks object incorporation. However, many roots with voiceless sonorants have no voiced cognate.
The labialized labials are more precisely labio-velarized labials. There is evidence that non-labialized labial consonants such as Шаблон:IPA are palatalized Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA, etc., but this is obscured before front vowels. If this turns out to be the situation, it would parallel Micronesian languages which have no plain labials.
Notes
References
- Dotte, Anne-Laure (2013), Le iaai aujourd'hui. Évolutions sociolinguistiques et linguistiques d'une langue kanak de Nouvelle-Calédonie (Ouvéa, Îles Loyauté). Doctoral thesis. Université Lumière-Lyon2, Lyon, France. 528 pp.
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Citation
- Шаблон:Citation.
- Шаблон:Citation.
- Шаблон:Citation.
- Шаблон:Citation.
- Шаблон:Citation.
- Tryon, Darrell T. Iai grammar. B-8, xii + 137 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1968. Шаблон:Doi
External links
- Шаблон:In lang Five stories in Iaai, collected by F. Ozanne-Rivierre, and presented in bilingual format (Pangloss Collection of LACITO-CNRS).
- Presentation of Iaai, including an extensive bibliography.
- Database of audio recordings in Iaai - basic Catholic prayers
- Iaai Grammar at the Internet Archive
Шаблон:Languages of New Caledonia Шаблон:Southern Oceanic languages Шаблон:Austronesian languages Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Dotte 2013.
- ↑ The main sources about the phonology of Iaai are Ozanne-Rivierre (1976); Maddieson and Anderson (1994).
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 See Maddieson & Anderson (1994).
- ↑ Maddieson, Ian. Front Rounded Vowels, in Martin Haspelmath et al. (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures, pp. 50-53. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Шаблон:ISBN. (online version).
- ↑ See for example Löyöp, Lemerig, Vurës of northern Vanuatu, p.194 of: Шаблон:Citation.
