Английская Википедия:Ibibio language
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language
Ibibio is the native language of the Ibibio people of Nigeria, belonging to the Ibibio-Efik dialect cluster of the Cross River languages. The name Ibibio is sometimes used for the entire dialect cluster. In pre-colonial times, it was written with Nsibidi ideograms, similar to Igbo, Efik, Anaang, and Ejagham. Ibibio has also had influences on Afro-American diasporic languages such as AAVE words like buckra which come from the Ibibio word mbakara and in the Afro-Cuban tradition of abakua.
Geographic distribution
Ibibio is the language of the Ibibio people. The Ibibio people are found in Southsouth Nigeria in Akwa Ibom State, Cross River State, and Eastern Abia State (Arochukwu and Ukwa East LGA's). Ibibio communities in Opobo Nkoro and Oyigbo LGA's of Rivers State are largely unknown.
Some Ibibio are found in other countries (Western Cameroon, Bioko and Ghana).
Phonology
Consonants
- Шаблон:IPA are bilabial, whereas Шаблон:IPA is labiodental.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA has two allophones, which occur in complementary distribution: voiceless Шаблон:IPAblink and voiced Шаблон:IPAblink.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA are alveolar Шаблон:IPA, whereas Шаблон:IPA is dental Шаблон:IPAblink.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Stem-initial Шаблон:IPA is realized as Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
Intervocalic plosives are lenited:Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA → Шаблон:IPAblink
- Шаблон:IPA → Шаблон:IPAblink
- Шаблон:IPA → Шаблон:IPAblink or Шаблон:IPAblink
Vowels
- Шаблон:IPA are phonetically near-close Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA are phonetically true-mid; Шаблон:IPA is also strongly centralized: Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA are phonetically near-open; Шаблон:IPA is central rather than front: Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
Between consonants, Шаблон:IPA have allophones that are transcribed Шаблон:IPA, respectively.Шаблон:Sfnp At least in case of Шаблон:IPA, the realization is probably somewhat different (e.g. close-mid Шаблон:IPA), because the default IPA values of the symbols Шаблон:IPA are very similar to the normal realizations of the Ibibio vowels Шаблон:IPA. Similarly, Шаблон:IPA may actually be near-close Шаблон:IPAblink, rather than close Шаблон:IPAblink.
In some dialects (e.g. Ibiono), Шаблон:IPA occur as phonemes distinct from Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
Tones
Ibibio has five tones: high, mid, rising, falling and low. A word can mean two or more different things based on the tone ascribed to it.
Orthography
| Essien 1983[1] | Essien 1990[2] | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| a | a | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| b | b | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| d | d | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| e | e | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| ǝ | ǝ | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| f | f | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| gh | gh | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| h | h | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| i | i | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| ị | ị | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| k | k | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| kp | kp | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| m | m | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| n | n | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| ñ | n̄ | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| ñw | n̄w | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| ny | ny | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| o | o | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| ọ | ọ | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| ʌ | ʌ | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| p | p | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| s | s | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| t | t | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| u | u | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| ụ | ụ | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| w | w | Шаблон:IPAlink |
| y | y | Шаблон:IPAlink |
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
- Ibibio kasahorow – language resources, including dictionary, books and proverbs.
- Bachmann's Master Thesis, Paper, Presentation
- BOSS-IBB documentation v0.1-r4
- ELAR Documentation of Dirge songs among the Urban people [Efik, Ibibio]
- ELAR Documentation of documenting drums and drum language in Ibibio traditional ceremonies
Шаблон:Languages of Nigeria
Шаблон:Cross River languages
Шаблон:Authority control
