Английская Википедия:Ibn al-A'rabi

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Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ziyād (Шаблон:Lang), surnamed Ibn al-Aʿrābī (Шаблон:Lang) (ca. 760 – 846, Sāmarrā); a philologist, genealogist, and oral traditionist of Arabic tribal poetry. A grammarian of the school of al-Kūfah, who rivalled the grammarians of al-Baṣrah in poetry recital. He was famous for his knowledge of rare expressions and for transmitting the famous anthology of ancient Arabic poetry, Al-Mufaḍḍalīyāt.Шаблон:Refn

The meaning of the word A'rābī, and its difference to the word Arabī, is explained by the exegete al-Sijistānī,Шаблон:Refn in his book on rare Qur’ānic terms: A'rābī is a non-Arab desert inhabitant, whereas Arabī is a non-desert dwelling Arab.

Life

Ibn al-Aʿrābī was born in al-Kūfah in 760. His father, Ziyād, had been captured from Sindh, probably by the Banū Hāshim, or possibly by the Banū Shaybān or some other tribe. He himself was a mawla (client) of al-Abbās ibn Muḥammad ibn Alī ibn ʿAbd Allāh. He was said to have a cast.Шаблон:Refn His mother had been a servant of, and later married, al-Mufaḍḍal ibn Muḥammad al-Ḍabbī, the author of Al-Mufaḍḍalīyāt, and as his stepson, Ibn al-Aʿrābī received a broad education in the Ḥadīth, poetry, history, theology, genealogy and literature. The centres of scholarship in these fields encompassed by the term ʿphilology’ were at al-Baṣrah, al-Kūfah, and later at Baghdād. Apart from al-Mufaḍḍal, Ibn al-A'rābī's principal tutor was the qāḍī (judge) al-Qāsim ibn Ma’n ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān.Шаблон:Sfn Abū Mu’āwiyah al-ḌarīrШаблон:Refn, and al-Kisā’ī,Шаблон:Refn also tutored him.

Ibn al- Aʿrābī became a scholar of the Arab tribes and of the poets of the Jahiliya (pre-Islamic) and Islamic era, up to the beginning of the rule of the Banū al-ʿAbbās.Шаблон:Refn Other scholars were Abū ʿAmr al-Shaybānī, Khālid ibn Kulthūm Шаблон:Refn, Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb, al-Ṭūsī,Шаблон:Refn and al-Aṣma’ī.Шаблон:Sfn

His lectures were very popular and Abū al-Abbās Tha’lab,Шаблон:Refn who was his student of ten years, reports that a hundred people typically attended his lectures,Шаблон:Sfn coming from as far afield as Isfījāb in Transoxiana, and from Spain.Шаблон:Sfn A glimpse into the setting for scholarly debate occurring at this time is indicated in an anecdote told by Thaʿlab, where a group of scholars, that included al-Sukkarī,Шаблон:Refn Abū al-ʿĀliyah and Ibn al-A'rābī, had assembled at the home of Aḥmad ibn Sa’īd. It appears that Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd and Ibn al-Aʿrabi were astonished, presumably impressed, by Thaʿlab’s precocious critique of a poem by al-Shammākh.Шаблон:Sfn Conversely, he had a running feud with his uncle Abū Naṣr Aḥmad b. Ḥātim al-Bāhilī, who destested him.[1]Шаблон:Rp

Ibn al-Aʿrābī quoted such Arabian linguistic authorities as al-Ṣamūtī,Шаблон:Refn al-Kalbī, and Abū MujībШаблон:Refn. His pupils included Ibrāhīm al-Ḥarbī,Шаблон:Refn Ibn al-Sikkīt,Шаблон:Refn and Ibn al-Azhar.Шаблон:Refn As a leading philologist, Ibn al- Aʿrābī was critical of rival scholars of rare linguistic expressions (al-kalām al-gharīb), and in particular of Abū UbaydahШаблон:Refn and al-Aṣma’ī.Шаблон:Refn He proposed orthographic liberalisation and urged permissiveness in the substitution of the letter dād (ض) for the letter zā (ظ).Шаблон:Sfn Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb,Шаблон:Refn quoted Ibn al-A’rābī, along with Quṭrub, Abū ʿUbaydah, Abū al-Yaqẓān,Шаблон:Refn et al.Шаблон:Sfn

Tha’labШаблон:Refn and al-Ṭabarī wrote Ibn al-A'rābī's biography, while anecdotes about him and his philological commentaries were popular. Thaʿlab reports never seeing a book in his hand, even when he was over eighty years old. This was a huge tribute as scholars attached great importance to facility of memorisation. Tha'lab also claims no one surpassed Ibn al-A'rābī in his knowledge of poetry.Шаблон:Sfn Al-Nadīm read Ibn al-Kūfī ʿsШаблон:Refn account that Thaʿlab had heard him say he was born the night Abū Ḥanīfah died. Al-Qāsim had met, and was an admirer of, Abū Ḥanīfah.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Ibn al-Aʿrābī died in 846 (231 AH), in Surra Man Ra’ā, (i.e. the ancient name of Sāmarrā), Iraq, aged eighty years, four months and three days.

Works

Among his books there were:

Legacy

Al-A'rābī's importance as a philologist, or linguistic scientist, of the Arab language, and his milieu, can be estimated by the account given by the tenth-century bibliophile Al-Nadim, who writing about a hundred and fifty years after the death of Ibn al-A'rābī, describes visiting the library in the city of al-Ḥadīthah of Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn, known as ʿIbn Abī Baʿrah’, who had received a collection of ancient writings from a Shī’ī book-collector of al-Kūfah. Among the material on the sciences of Arabs and other nations, there were documents written on double parchment, deeds, taʿlīqāt,Шаблон:Refn poems, papers on grammar, anecdotes, historical traditions, names, genealogies, etc., on adamШаблон:Refn skins and on paper from Egypt, China, Tihāmah, and Khurāsān; notes written in an ancient calligraphy by ʿAllān the Grammarian and al-Naḍr ibn Shumayl; and Ḥadīth authorities, such as Sufyān ibn ʿUyaynah, Sufyān al-Thawri, al-Awzāʿī.Шаблон:SfnOf the scholars, whose handwritten notes on Arabic grammar and philological literature, and other ancient works, he lists are Abū ʿAmr ibn al-ʿAlā', Abū ʿAmr al-Shaybanī, al-Aṣma’ī, Ibn al-Aʿrābī, Sībawayh, al-Farrā’, al-Kisā’ī, Abū al-Aswad (in the handwriting of Yaḥyā ibn Yaʿmar).Шаблон:Sfn

Ibn al-Aʿrābī transmitted the authorised edition of the Al-Mufaḍḍalīyāt, one hundred and twenty-eight poems, that begins with a poem of Ta’abbaṭa Sharran Thābit ibn Jābir, where others selected, extended, and reordered the poems.Шаблон:RefnШаблон:Sfn

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Arabic literature

Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ David Larsen, 'Towards a Reconstruction of Abū Naṣr al-Bāhilī’s K. Abyāt al-maʿānī,' in Approaches to the Study of Pre-modern Arabic Anthologies, ed. by Bilal Orfali and Nadia Maria El Cheikh, Islamic History and Civilization: Studies and Texts, 180 (Leiden: Brill, 2021), pp. 37-83 Шаблон:Doi, Шаблон:ISBN.
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