Английская Википедия:Idaho Constitutional Convention
Шаблон:Infobox historical event The Idaho Constitution Convention drafted the Idaho Constitution in 1889 in preparation for the Idaho Territory to become a U.S. state.
History
Background
On April 2, 1889, outgoing Territorial Governor Edward A. Stevenson, who had successfully prevented the territory from being absorbed by neighboring territories, issued a proclamation calling for an election to be held on June 3 of that year, to elect 72 delegates to a constitutional convention. On May 11, Stevenson's successor, George L. Shoup, issued a proclamation endorsing the convention, which was scheduled to meet on July 4 in Boise. Idaho, like its fellow statehood-seeking territory, Wyoming, was not the subject of an enabling act, as other statehood-seeking territories usually were before holding a constitutional convention. However, an enabling act for Idaho had been introduced in December 1888 by Oregon Senator John H. Mitchell, and its potential statehood was discussed over the remainder of the 50th Congress.[1]
Proceedings
The convention met as scheduled on July 4, 1889. John T. Morgan was elected temporary president while the convention organized and settled membership disputes. The following day, William H. Clagett was elected as permanent president of the convention. On July 8, the standing committees of the convention were assigned, and from then until July 17, the committees proceeded to write the bulk of what would eventually be adopted as the state constitution. From July 18 through August 5, the convention engaged in debate over the particulars of the constitution. On the twenty-eighth day of the convention, August 6, 1889, the constitution was approved by delegates by a vote of 51–0, and 64 of the 72 delegates (of whom one was deceased) proceeded to sign the constitution.[2][3]
Approval of constitution
On November 5, 1889, Idaho Territory voters approved of the new constitution by a margin of 12,398 to 1,773. North Idaho had the strongest returns for adoption, while central and southeast Idaho had the weakest returns for adoption, with southeast Idaho falling in between.[4] On July 3, 1890, President Benjamin Harrison signed the law admitting Idaho as the 43rd U.S. state. Шаблон:Table alignment
| County | Votes for adoption | Votes against adoption | Approval % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ada | 1,331 | 443 | 75% |
| Alturas | 290 | 51 | 85% |
| Bear LakeШаблон:Efn | 44 | 39 | 53% |
| Bingham | 716 | 171 | 81% |
| Boise | 539 | 80 | 87% |
| Cassia | 130 | 92 | 59% |
| Custer | 498 | 33 | 94% |
| Elmore | 795 | 26 | 97% |
| Idaho | 199 | 137 | 59% |
| Kootenai | 1,032 | 24 | 98% |
| Latah | 2,523 | 117 | 96% |
| Lemhi | 890 | 30 | 97% |
| Logan | 380 | 71 | 84% |
| Nez Perce | 112 | 103 | 52% |
| Oneida | 278 | 95 | 75% |
| Owyhee | 388 | 37 | 91% |
| Shoshone | 1,811 | 51 | 97% |
| Washington | 442 | 173 | 72% |
| Territory total | 12,398 | 1,773 | 87% |
List of delegates
Committees
Over the course of the convention, 37 committees were established. The Republican majority controlled most committees, including those that set the framework for the state government.[18][19]
| Committee | Date established | Majority party | Majority members | Minority members |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Credentials | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=44|56% D | Democrats: Crutcher, Poe, Cavanah, Standrod, Hagan | Republicans: Heyburn, Savidge, Shoup, Allen |
| Committee to receive the U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=60|60% R | Republicans: Sweet, Clagett, McConnell | Democrats: Beane, Ainslie |
| Committee to escort the President to the Chair | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=33|67% D | Democrats: Cavanah, Batten | Republican: Morgan |
| Committee on Committees | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=60|60% R | Republicans: Heyburn, Allen, Hays | Democrats: Standrod, Batten |
| Rules | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=60|60% R | Republicans: Shoup, Beatty, Morgan | Democrats: Reid, Mayhew |
| Committee to wait upon the Chief Justice | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=33|67% D | Democrats: Ainslie, King | Republican: McConnell |
| Ways and Means | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/American Independent data-sort-value=50|50%–50% | Republicans: Hasbrouck, Wilson, Shoup | Democrats: Crutcher, Harris, Blake |
| Executive Department | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=57|57% R | Republicans: Gray, Savidge, Allen, Hampton | Democrats: Ainslie, Coston, Poe |
| Legislative Department | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=56|56% R | Republicans: Morgan, Pinkham, Robbins, Lewis, Glidden | Democrats: Blake, Pefley, Pierce, Stull |
| Judiciary | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=53|53% R | Republicans: Heyburn, Sweet, Beatty, Wilson, Howe, Hampton, Morgan, Savidge | Democrats: Mayhew, Ainslie, Woods, Reid, Stull (to July 16), Harris, Batten, Hagan (from July 16) |
| Preamble and Bill of Rights | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/American Independent data-sort-value=50|50%–50% | Republicans: Shoup, Morgan, Hammell | Democrats: Standrod, Clark, Steunenberg |
| Names, Boundaries and Organization of Counties | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=40|60% D | Democrats: Reid, King, Jewell | Republicans: Crook, Hasbrouck |
| Seat of Government, Public Institutions, Buildings and Grounds | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=43|57% D | Democrats: Cavanah, Crutcher, Kinport, McMahon | Republicans: Gray, McConnell, Melder |
| Education, Schools, School and University Lands | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=56|56% R | Republicans: Shoup, Pinkham, Harkness, Armstrong, McConnell | Democrats: Batten, Chaney, Hogan, Bevan |
| Elections and Right of Suffrage | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=57|57% R | Republicans: Beatty, Salisbury, Heyburn, Hays | Democrats: Ainslie, Mayhew, Beane (to July 18), Hagan (from July 18) |
| Revenue and Finance | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=56|56% R | Republicans: Hays, Sweet, Hasbrouck, Crook, Glidden | Democrats: Blake, Hogan, Lamoreaux, Steunenberg |
| Legislative Apportionment | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=58|56% R (to July 20) 61% R (from July 20) |
Republicans: Shoup, Underwood, Heyburn, Ballantine (to July 10), Pyeatt, Hendryx (to July 16), Whitton, Brigham (to July 31), Hays, Maxey, Pinkham (from July 10), Melder (from July 16), Sinnott (from July 20), Sweet (from July 31) | Democrats: Myer, Kinport, Parker, Stull (to July 16), Poe, Lamoreaux, Standrod, Jewell, Cavanah (from July 16 to July 20) |
| Militia and Military Affairs | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=57|57% R | Republicans: Hammell, Pyeatt, Campbell, Pinkham | Democrats: Clark, Myer, Hogan |
| Public and Private Corporations | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=56|56% R | Republicans: Ballantine, Andrews, Savidge, Glidden, Pritchard | Democrats: Mayhew, Kinport, Chaney, Bevan |
| Federal Relations | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=60|60% R | Republicans: Sweet, Salisbury, Moss | Democrats: Nelson, Anderson |
| Municipal Corporations | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=44|56% D | Democrats: Woods, Hagan, Pierce, Pefley, Vineyard | Republicans: Beatty, Harkness, Crook, Wilson |
| Labor | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=56|56% R | Republicans: Armstrong, Sinnott, Howe, Heyburn, Robbins | Democrats: King, Lamoreaux, McMahon, Pefley |
| Schedule | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/American Independent data-sort-value=51|56% R (to July 29) 56% D (from July 29) |
Republicans: Gray, Sweet, Howe (to July 29), Savidge, Hampton | Democrats: Woods, Beane (to July 18), Blake, Vineyard, King (from July 18), Reid (from July 29) |
| Manufactures, Agriculture and Irrigation | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=44|56% D | Democrats: Stull (to July 16), Coston, Jewell, Beane (to July 17), Taylor, Cavanah (from July 16), Anderson (from July 17) | Republicans: Allen, McConnell, Harkness, Moss |
| Mines and Mining | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=44|56% D | Democrats: Crutcher, Cavanah, Bevan, King, Standrod | Republicans: Glidden, Ballantine, Salisbury, Hays |
| Live Stock | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=60|60% R | Republicans: Harkness, Underwood, Pyeatt | Democrats: Myer, Pierce |
| Printing and Binding | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=57|57% R | Republicans: Allen, Hays, Lemp, Sinnott | Democrats: Clark, Parker, Steunenberg |
| Revision and Enrollment | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=56|56% R | Republicans: Beatty, Hammell (to July 27), Morgan, Shoup, Howe, Sweet (from July 27) | Democrats: Hagan, Vineyard, Harris, Standrod |
| Salaries of Public Officers | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=40|60% D | Democrats: Poe, Coston, Reid | Republicans: Wilson, Hasbrouck |
| Public Indebtedness and Subsidies | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=40|60% D | Democrats: Hagan, Batten, Taylor | Republicans: McConnell, Harkness |
| Committee to escort the ladies of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=0|100% D | Democrats: Pefley, Mayhew, Ainslie | — |
| Special Committee on Finance | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=100|100% R | Republicans: McConnell, Harkness, Lemp | — |
| Committee to receive the delegation of Members of Congress | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/American Independent data-sort-value=50|50%–50% | Republicans: Hays, Clagett | Democrats: Ainslie, Reid |
| Engrossing | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=67|67% R | Republicans: Hasbrouck, Sweet | Democrat: Mayhew |
| Special Committee on Revision of the Minutes and Proceedings of the Convention | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican data-sort-value=67|67% R | Republicans: Wilson, Moss | Democrat: Clark |
| Select Committee to draft Article VIII, Section 6 | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic data-sort-value=40|60% D | Democrats: Ainslie, Reid, Mayhew | Republicans: Hays, Clagett |
| Address to the People | Шаблон:Dts | Шаблон:Party shading/American Independent data-sort-value=50|50%–50% | Republicans: Clagett, Pinkham, Hays, McConnell, Armstrong | Democrats: Ainslie, Reid, Taylor, Clark, Cavanah |
See also
- Text of the Constitution of the State of Idaho, as approved by the convention in 1889
- Text of the Constitution of the State of Idaho, as amended as of 2017
Notes
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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