Английская Википедия:Ifugao language
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language
Ifugao or Batad is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in the northern valleys of Ifugao, Philippines. It is a member of the Northern Luzon subfamily and is closely related to the Bontoc and Kankanaey languages.[1] It is a dialect continuum, and its four main varieties—such as Tuwali—are sometimes considered separate languages.[2]
Loanwords from other languages, such as Ilokano, are replacing some older terminology.[3]
Dialects
Ethnologue reports the following locations for each of the four Ifugao languages.
- Amganad Ifugao: spoken in Hungduan and Banaue municipalities of Ifugao Province, and into southwestern Mountain Province. 27,100 speakers as of 2000. Dialects are Burnay Ifugao and Banaue Ifugao.
- Batad Ifugao (Ayangan Ifugao): spoken in central Ifugao Province. There are also some speakers in Isabela Province, on the eastern shore of the Magat reservoir. 10,100 speakers as of 2002. Dialects include Ducligan Ifugao.
- Mayoyao Ifugao (Mayaoyaw): spoken in Ifugao Province, (northern Mayoyao, Aguinaldo, and Alfonso Lista municipalities) and Mountain Province (2 small border areas). 30,000 speakers as of 2007.
- Tuwali Ifugao (Gilipanes, Ifugaw, Kiangan Ifugao, Quiangan, Tuwali): spoken in southern Ifugao Province. 30,000 speakers as of 2000. Dialects are Hapao Ifugao, Hungduan Ifugao, and Lagawe Ifugao.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
Fricative | h | |||||
Lateral | l | |||||
Approximant | w | j |
- Other sounds such as /s/ and /r/ occur in loanwords.
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | ʊ ~ u | |
Mid | ɛ | ə | ɔ |
Open | a |
- /ʊ/ can also be heard as close-back [u].
- /ə/ does not exist in the Tuwali dialect.[4]
- /i/ can also be heard as [ɪ].[5]
Orthography
The unified Ifugao alphabet is as follows: A, B, D, E, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, Ng, O, P, T, U, W, Y. The letters are pronounced differently depending on the dialect of the speaker.[6]
References
External links
Шаблон:Languages of the Philippines Шаблон:Philippine languages Шаблон:Austronesian languages
- ↑ (Lebar, 1975: 78)
- ↑ (Newell and Poligon, 1993)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Hay Mahun an Bahaon, A Pre-Primer in Ayangan Ifugao. Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1984.