Английская Википедия:Illegal drug trade in the United States
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Expert needed
The U.S. Federal Government is an opponent of the illegal drug trade; however, state laws vary greatly and in some cases contradict federal laws.
The Organization of American States estimated that the revenue for cocaine sales in the U.S. was $34 billion in 2013. The Office of National Drug Control Policy estimates that $100 billion worth of illegal drugs were sold in the U.S. in 2013.[1]
War on Drugs
The "War on Drugs" is a term commonly applied to a campaign of prohibition and foreign military aid and military intervention undertaken by the United States government, with the assistance of participating countries, and the stated aim to define and reduce the illegal drug trade. This initiative includes a set of drug policies of the United States that are intended to discourage the production, distribution, and consumption of illegal psychoactive drugs. The term was first used by U.S. President Richard Nixon, and was later popularized by the media.[2]
Minors
The U.S. government's most recent 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) reported that nationwide over 800,000 adolescents ages 12–17 sold illegal drugs during the twelve months preceding the survey.[3] The 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that nationwide 25.4% of students had been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug by someone on school property. The prevalence of having been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property ranged from 15.5% to 38.8% across state CDC surveys (median: 26.1%) and from 20.3% to 40.0% across local surveys (median: 29.4%).[4]
Despite over US$7 billion spent annually towards arresting[5] and prosecuting nearly 800,000 people across the country for marijuana offenses in 2005 (FBI Uniform Crime Reports), the federally funded Monitoring the Future Survey reports about 85% of high school seniors find marijuana “easy to obtain.” That figure has remained virtually unchanged since 1975, never dropping below 82.7% in three decades of national surveys.[6]
In 2009, the Justice Department identified more than 200 U.S. cities in which Mexican drug cartels "maintain drug distribution networks or supply drugs to distributors"- up from 100 three years earlier.[7]
Women
Шаблон:Main Women are often involved in the illegal drug trade in the United States, typically in marginal, low-level roles.[8]
Controversies
Smuggling
Drug smuggling across US borders may be done by several means.[9] Шаблон:Visible anchor may be carried by people, or by Шаблон:Visible anchor, Шаблон:Visible anchor and Шаблон:Visible anchor, hidden in Шаблон:Visible anchor.[9] Шаблон:Visible anchor and Шаблон:Visible anchor penetrate sea borders.[9] Шаблон:Visible anchor pass above and Шаблон:Visible anchor pass below the usual routes of smuggling.[9]
Monitoring
Environmental monitoring can be used to map trafficking.[10] Trafficking of a substance tends to incidentally, disproportionately increase its nearby usage, and thus excretion.[10] This has been used to quantify trafficking into this country, and has also highlighted routes of smuggling through nearby countries which feed this country's large market Шаблон:Endash for example, Martinique.[10]
See also
- Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF)
- Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
- Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
- Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
- United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
References
External links
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web Saturday, 5 June 2021
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 {{ Unbulleted list citebundle |Шаблон:* Шаблон:Cite journal | This is cited by the following review: |Шаблон:* Шаблон:Cite journal
