Английская Википедия:Immaculate perception
Шаблон:Short description The expression immaculate perception, used by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche in his text Thus Spoke Zarathustra; the term pertains to the idea of "pure knowledge." Nietzsche argues that "immaculate perception" is fictional because it ignores the intimate connection between the perceiver and the external world.[1] He argues that humans are fallible and are capable of using data to ratify or refute perceptions. He also clarifies that perception is value-laden and can be ruled by our interests.[2]
Concept
The term was the title of one of Zarathustra's speeches, Von der unbefleckten Erkenntnis, which literally means "On Immaculate Knowledge" or "On Immaculate Cognition.[3] Walter Kaufmann who translated it as "On Immaculate Perception"; other scholarsШаблон:Who also prefer this translation because the main metaphor in the passage is visual perception.[3]
Nietzsche used immaculate perception in his interrogation of the myths of purity.[1] According to the philosopher, perception is value-laden and ruled by interest;[4] in particular, it denies the important role that the will and desires of the perceiver have on every perception.[5]
Nietzsche also used immaculate perception in his discussions of the Christian view on sexuality. He attacked the so-called detachment of the "pure perceivers" or Rein-Erkennenden (e.g. Kantian view that pure judgments of what is beautiful must be detached), calling it voyeurism.[6] According to him, loving the Earth from afar for these pure-knowers is hypocritical because they too are earthly but there is shame and bad conscience in this love.[1]
Applications
An example of the immaculate perception principle is Sigmund Freud's theory of mental representation, or what someШаблон:Who also refer to "copy theory of perception".[7] He proposed that perception, which he often used interchangeably with "external reality",[8] is sensory-given and immediately known to the subject;[7] therefore, it essentially involves the passive and temporary registration of an object.[7] Nietzsche criticized this idea of "pure perception" by arguing that human perceptions are not mere copies of the images on the retinas.[9] He maintained that perception is not clean or untainted by the object of perception.[10] People "actively" construct perceived information[9] as sensory modalities select and tend to simplify phenomena so that they merely serve one's interest and need.[4]Шаблон:According to whom
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Metcalfe, Michael. A Dancer’s Virtue: Human Life in Light of Nietzsche’s Eternal Recurrence. Concept XXVIII, 2005. [1]
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
