Английская Википедия:Imola Circuit

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox motorsport venue

The Imola Circuit, officially called the Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari (Шаблон:Lang-for), is a Шаблон:Convert motor racing circuit. It is located in the town of Imola, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, Шаблон:Convert east of Bologna. It is one of the few major international circuits to run in an anti-clockwise direction. Initially used for motorcycle racing, the first race at Imola was held in 1953.

The circuit is named after the founder of the Ferrari car company, Enzo Ferrari (1898–1988), and his son Alfredo "Dino" Ferrari (1932–1956). From 1953–1956 it was called the Autodromo di Imola and from 1957–1988 the Autodromo Dino Ferrari. The circuit has an FIA Grade One licence.

Imola hosted non-championship Formula One races in the 1963 Imola Grand Prix and the 1979 Dino Ferrari Grand Prix. It was used for official championship races in the 1980 Italian Grand Prix and the San Marino Grand Prix every year from 1981 to 2006. Safety concerns with the circuit were raised throughout the 1980s and 1990s, particularly with the high speed Tamburello corner where numerous accidents occurred. This resulted in fatalities, including the death of Ayrton Senna in 1994. Chicanes were introduced at multiple points to reduce cornering speeds, which changed the nature of the course and caused problems with their high kerbs.

Formula One stopped racing at Imola in 2007, leading the circuit owners to undertake major reconstruction work to the track and pit lane facilities. After the works were completed, a contract was signed for Formula One to return in to Imola from 2017, but legal disputes prevented this from occurring. It eventually returned in 2020, with the circuit hosting the Emilia Romagna Grand Prix from 2020–present. When Formula One visits Imola, it is considered the home circuit of the Scuderia Ferrari racing team, which is based in nearby Maranello.Шаблон:Dubious

The circuit has hosted many other motor racing series, including the Superbike World Championship, Motocross World Championship, World Touring Car Championship and European Le Mans Series. Several road bicycle races have also used the circuit, including stages of the Giro d'Italia and UCI Road World Championships.

History

Файл:Imola53.png
Original layout of the Imola Circuit with no chicanes (1953–1972)

The track was originally called the Autodromo di Imola, and inaugurated as a semi-permanent venue in 1953. It had no chicanes, so the runs from Acque Minerali to Rivazza, and from Rivazza all the way to Tosa, through the pits and the Tamburello, were just straights with a few small bends; the circuit remained in this configuration until 1972.

In April 1953, the first motorcycle races took place, while the first car race took place in June 1954. In April 1963, the circuit hosted its first Formula One race, as a non-championship event, won by Jim Clark for Lotus. A further non-championship event took place at Imola in 1979, which was won by Niki Lauda for Brabham-Alfa Romeo.

In 1980 Imola officially debuted in the Formula One World Championship calendar by hosting the 1980 Italian Grand Prix. It was the first time since the 1948 Edition held at Parco del Valentino that the Autodromo Nazionale Monza did not host the Italian Grand Prix. The race was won by Nelson Piquet and it was such a success that a new race, the San Marino Grand Prix, was established especially for Imola in Шаблон:F1 and remained on the calendar until Шаблон:F1. The race was held over 60 laps of the Шаблон:Cvt circuit for a total race distance of 300 kilometres.

Imola has hosted a round of the Superbike World Championship from 2001 to 2006 and later since 2009. It hosts the final round of the FIM Motocross World Championship since 2018.

The World Touring Car Championship visited Imola in 2005 for the Race of San Marino, in 2008 for the Race of Europe, and in 2009 for the Race of Italy. The venue hosted a round of the International GT Open from 2009 to 2011 and also in 2021. The TCR International Series raced at Imola in 2016.

The 6 Hours of Imola was revived in 2011 and added to the Le Mans Series and Intercontinental Le Mans Cup as a season event until 2016, but it returned again to European Le Mans Series calendar again in 2022 as 4 Hours of Imola. It also hosted the 12 Hours of Imola in 2017-2018, a round of the 24H Series.

The track was also used as part of the finishing circuit for the 1968 UCI Road World Championships, which saw Italian cyclist Vittorio Adorni winning with a lead of 10 minutes and 10 seconds over runner up Herman Van Springel, the second largest winning margin in the history of the championships, after Georges Ronsse's victory in 1928. In addition Adorni's countryman Michele Dancelli took the bronze and five of the top six finishers were Italian.[1] The circuit was used for stage 11 of the 2015 Giro d'Italia, which was won by Ilnur Zakarin,[2] and stage 12 of the 2018 Giro d'Italia, won by Sam Bennett.[3] The circuit also served as the start and finish of the 2020 UCI Road World Championships on 27 September 2020.[4]

Шаблон:Anchor

Tamburello

Despite the addition of chicanes to several parts of the lap, such as the Acque Minerali, Variante Alta, and Variante Bassa, the circuit was subject to constant safety concerns, mostly regarding the flat-out Tamburello corner, which was very bumpy and had dangerously little room between the track and a concrete wall without a tyre barrier that separated the circuit from the Santerno river that runs adjacent to it.

In 1987, Nelson Piquet crashed heavily during practice after a tyre failure and missed the race due to injury. In 1989, Gerhard Berger crashed his Ferrari at Tamburello after a front wing failure. The car instantaneously ignited after the severe impact at Шаблон:Cvt but thanks to the quick work of the firefighters and medical personnel Berger survived and missed only one race (the 1989 Monaco Grand Prix) due to burns to his hands. Michele Alboreto suffered a massive shunt whilst testing his Footwork Arrows at the circuit in 1991 but escaped injury. The following year, Riccardo Patrese also crashed at the same corner while testing for the Williams team.

In response to the deaths of Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger during the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, modifications were carried out to the Tamburello corner to make it safer by converting it from a flat-out left hander to a left-right-left chicane.

1994 San Marino Grand Prix

Шаблон:Main Шаблон:See also

Файл:Imola Circuit 1980-1995 Layout.png
The circuit's layout at the time of the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix.
Файл:Imola.svg
The circuit layout changed after 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, used between 1995–2006

In the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, during Friday practice Rubens Barrichello was launched over a kerb and into the top of a tyre barrier at the Variante Bassa, knocking the Brazilian unconscious, though quick medical intervention saved his life. During Saturday qualifying Austrian Roland Ratzenberger crashed head-on into a wall at over Шаблон:Cvt at the Villeneuve corner after his Simtek lost the front wing, dying instantly from a basilar skull fracture. The tragedy continued the next day when the three-time World Champion Ayrton Senna's Williams' steering column broke and he crashed into the concrete wall at the Tamburello corner on Lap 7. Senna died in the hospital several hours after his crash. In two unrelated incidents, several spectators and mechanics were also injured during the event.

In the aftermath, the circuit continued to host Grands Prix, but revisions were immediately made in an attempt to make it safer. The flat-out Tamburello corner was reduced to a 4th gear left–right sweeper, and a gravel trap was added to the limited space on the outside of the corner. Villeneuve corner, previously an innocuous 6th gear right-hander into Tosa, was made a complementary 4th gear sweeper, also with a gravel trap on the outside of the corner. In an attempt to retain some of the quickness and character of the old circuit, the arduous chicane at Acqua Minerali was eliminated, and the Variante Bassa was straightened into a single chicane. Many say that the new circuit configuration is not as good as it used to be as a result of the new chicanes at Tamburello and Villeneuve.[5][6]

Another modification made to the Imola track is that of Variante Alta, which is situated at the top of the hill leading down to Rivazza and has the hardest braking point on the lap. The Variante Alta, formerly a high-kerbed chicane, was hit quite hard by the drivers which caused damage to the cars and occasionally was the site of quite a few accidents. Before the 2006 Grand Prix, the kerbs were lowered considerably and the turn itself was tightened to reduce speeds and hopefully reduce the number of accidents at the chicane.

Файл:Imola-pitlane.jpg
The old pitlane, June 2006.

The Grand Prix was removed from the calendar of the 2007 Formula One season.[7] SAGIS, the company that owns the circuit, hoped that the race would be reinstated at the October 2006 meeting of the FIA World Motor Sport Council and scheduled for the weekend of 29 April 2007, provided renovations to the circuit were completed in time for the race, but the reinstatement was denied.[8]

Recent developments

Файл:Imola2007.jpg
Imola during reconstruction, March 2007.

Since 2007, the circuit has undergone major revisions. A bypass to the Variante Bassa chicane was added for cars, making the run from Rivazza 2 to the first Tamburello chicane totally flat-out, much like the circuit in its original fast-flowing days. However, the chicane is still used for motorcycle races.

Файл:Imola2008.jpg
The new pitbox and start/finish straight, April 2008.

The old pit garages and paddock have been demolished and completely rebuilt while the pitlane was extended and resurfaced. The reconstruction was overseen by German F1 track architect Hermann Tilke.

In June 2008, with most of the reconstruction work completed, The FIA gave the track a "1T" rating, meaning that an official Formula One Test can be held at the circuit; circuits require the "1" homologation to host a Formula One Grand Prix.[9] As of August 2011, the track received a '1' FIA homologation rating after an inspection by Charlie Whiting.[10]

In June 2015, the owners of the circuit confirmed they were in talks to return to the Formula One calendar should Monza, whose contract was scheduled to run out after the Шаблон:F1 season, be unable to make a new deal to keep hosting a round of the world championship.[11] On 18 July 2016, Imola signed a deal to host the Italian Grand Prix from the Шаблон:F1 season.[12] However, on 2 September 2016, it was announced that Monza had secured a new deal to continue hosting the race,[13] and Imola's officials took legal action against this decision questioning the legality of government funding awarded to Monza.[14] On 8 November 2016, they withdrew their case.[15] In February 2020, the owners at Imola submitted a bid to replace the 2020 Chinese Grand Prix pending its cancellation as a precaution in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.[16] On 24 July 2020, it was confirmed that the circuit would be added to the calendar for the 2020 Formula One World Championship with the race being called the "Emilia Romagna Grand Prix" in honour of the region the circuit is situated in. In a break with Formula One tradition the event at the circuit took place over two days instead of three on 31 October and 1 November 2020.[17] Imola was kept on the calendar for 2021, following the postponement of the Chinese Grand Prix due to the ongoing pandemic, and later for the 2022 calendar as well.[18] The 2023 Grand Prix was set to be held on 21 May 2023 but had to be cancelled as a result of the 2023 Emilia-Romagna floods that also affected the Circuit by the flooding Santerno river.[19] Imola is due to host a F1 Grand Prix until 2025.[20]

The circuit's president is Giancarlo Minardi of the former Minardi F1 team.[21]

Layout history

Шаблон:Gallery

Events

Current
Former

Non-motorsport events

Since 1981,[22] the circuit has been hosting the early-September Mostra Scambio ("Trading Exposition"), an open-air market primarily focused on the exhibition and trade of vintage vehicles and their parts; this event is also popularly (but inaccurately) called CRAME, after the name of the historical society organizing it.[23] The 2020 edition was cancelled due to the COVID-19.[22]

Among the major musical performances held on the track were:

Partially due to the vicinity of the Romeo Galli athletics stadium, the Acque Minerali park, and the Tre Monti hills, the Autodromo is not commonly used for bicycle or on-foot sporting activities (albeit with notable exceptions, such as two segments of the Giro d'Italia in the 2010s, and 2020 UCI Road World Championships); however, the civic administration does occasionally allocate summer days in which the public can walk or cycle along the track.[24]Шаблон:Not in citation given

Lap records

The official lap record for the current Grand Prix circuit layout is 1:15.484, set by Lewis Hamilton during the 2020 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix, while the unofficial all-time track record is 1:13.609, set by Valtteri Bottas in the qualifying of aforementioned race.[25] As of October 2023, the fastest official race lap records at the Imola Circuit are listed as:

Файл:Emilia Romagna Grand Prix-2020.png
Category Time Driver Vehicle Event
Grand Prix Circuit: 4.909 km (2008–present)
F1 1:15.484[25][26] Lewis Hamilton Mercedes-AMG F1 W11 EQ Performance 2020 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix
GP2 Asia 1:28.097 Romain Grosjean Dallara GP2/11 2011 Imola GP2 Asia Series round
FIA F2 1:28.353 Jehan Daruvala Dallara F2 2018 2022 Imola Formula 2 round
Auto GP 1:32.189[27] Kimiya Sato Lola B05/52 2014 Imola Auto GP round
LMP1 1:33.112[28] Sébastien Bourdais Peugeot 908 2011 6 Hours of Imola
FIA F3 1:33.129 Roman Staněk Dallara F3 2019 2022 Imola Formula 3 round
LMP2 1:33.702[29] Lorenzo Colombo Oreca 07 2022 4 Hours of Imola
Euroformula Open 1:35.273[30] Jak Crawford Dallara 320 2021 Imola Euroformula Open round
LMP3 1:38.235[31] Laurents Hörr Duqueine M30 - D08 2022 Imola Le Mans Cup round
FTwo (2009–2012) 1:38.576 Robert Wickens Williams JPH1 2009 Imola Formula Two round
Formula Regional 1:38.769[32] Hadrien David Tatuus F.3 T-318 2021 Imola FREC round
Renault Sport Trophy 1:39.784[33] Шаблон:Ill Renault Sport R.S. 01 2016 Imola Renault Sport Trophy round
Lamborghini Super Trofeo 1:39.827[34] Loris Spinelli Lamborghini Huracán Super Trofeo Evo2 2022 Imola Lamborghini Super Trofeo Europe round
International Formula Master 1:39.946[35] Fabio Leimer Tatuus N.T07 2009 Imola Formula Master round
GT3 1:40.375[36] Nicki Thiim Aston Martin Vantage AMR GT3 2022 Imola GT World Challenge Europe round
LM GTE 1:41.024[37] Matthew Griffin Ferrari 458 Italia GT2 2014 4 Hours of Imola
Formula Renault 2.0 1:42.423[38] Anthoine Hubert Tatuus FR2.0/13 2015 Imola Formula Renault 2.0 Alps round
Ferrari Challenge 1:43.468[39] Eliseo Donno Ferrari 488 Challenge Evo 2022 Imola Ferrari Challenge Europe round
SRO GT2 1:43.486[40] Anders Fjordbach Brabham BT63 GT2 Concept 2022 Imola GT2 European Series round
Porsche Carrera Cup 1:43.994[41] Шаблон:Ill Porsche 911 (992) GT3 Cup 2023 Imola Porsche Carrera Cup Italia round
Formula 4 1:44.280[42] Ugo Ugochukwu Tatuus F4-T421 2023 Imola Italian F4 round
LMPC 1:44.443[28] Kyle Marcelli Oreca FLM09 2011 6 Hours of Imola
JS P4 1:47.027[43] Dimitri Enjalbert Ligier JS P4 2022 Imola Ligier European Series round
GT4 1:49.524[44] Tom Canning Aston Martin Vantage AMR GT4 2022 Imola GT4 European Series round
TCR Touring Car 1:51.647[45] Mikel Azcona CUPRA Leon Competición TCR 2021 1st Imola TCR Italy round
JS2 R 1:53.793[46] David Caussanel Ligier JS2 R 2022 Imola Ligier European Series round
Super 2000 1:53.801[47] Petr Fulín SEAT León Cup Racer 2016 Imola ETC round
Renault Clio Cup 2.03.093[48] Felice Jelmini Renault Clio R.S. IV 2019 2nd Imola Renault Clio Cup Italy round
Super 1600 2:10.140[47] Niklas Mackschin Ford Fiesta 1.6 16V 2016 Imola ETC round
Eurocup Mégane Trophy 2:12.581[49] Michele Bartyan Renault Mégane RS Trophy 2011 500 Miglia di Imola
Motorcycle Circuit: 4.936 km (2009–present)
World SBK 1:45.727[50] Chaz Davies Ducati Panigale V4 R 2019 Imola World SBK round
World SSP 1:51.101[51] Jules Cluzel MV Agusta F3 675 2015 Imola World SSP round
Supersport 300 2:05.669[52] Mattia Martella Kawasaki Ninja 400 2023 Imola CIV SSP 300 round
Grand Prix Circuit: 4.959 km (1995–2006)
F1 1:20.411 Michael Schumacher Ferrari F2004 2004 San Marino Grand Prix
GP2 1:33.871 Nicolas Lapierre Dallara GP2/05 2005 Imola GP2 Series round
F3000 1:38.936[53] Giorgio Pantano Lola B02/50 2002 Imola F3000 round
Formula Renault 3.5 1:44.420[54] Christian Montanari Tatuus FRV6 2004 Imola Formula Renault V6 Eurocup round
F3 1:47.137[55] Valerio Scassellati Dallara F399 2000 Imola Italian F3 round
GT1 (GTS) 1:47.399[56] Uwe Alzen Saleen S7-R 2004 FIA GT Imola 500 km
World SBK 1:48.389[57] Troy Bayliss Ducati 998 F02 2002 Imola World SBK round
Formula Renault 2.0 1:49.372[58] Kamui Kobayashi Tatuus FR2000 2005 Imola Renault 2.0 Italia round
500cc 1:49.436[25] Mick Doohan Honda NSR500 1997 City of Imola motorcycle Grand Prix
250cc 1:51.872[25] Tetsuya Harada Aprilia RSV 250 1997 City of Imola motorcycle Grand Prix
N-GT 1:52.425[56] Lucas Luhr Porsche 911 (996) GT3-RSR 2004 FIA GT Imola 500 km
GT2 1:52.567[59] Emmanuel Collard Porsche 911 (996) GT3-RSR 2005 FIA GT Imola Supercar 500
World SSP 1:53.122[60] Шаблон:Ill Yamaha YZF-R6 2003 Imola World SSP round
FIA GT Group-2 1:54.647[59] Shaun Balfe Mosler MT900R 2005 FIA GT Imola Supercar 500
Super Touring 1:55.737[61] Emanuele Naspetti BMW 320i 1999 Imola Italian Superturismo round
Porsche Carrera Cup 1:56.928[62] Richard Westbrook Porsche 911 (997) GT3 Cup 2005 Imola Porsche Supercup round
125cc 1:58.490[25] Valentino Rossi Aprilia RS125R 1997 City of Imola motorcycle Grand Prix
Super 2000 1:59.756[63] Fabrizio Giovanardi Alfa Romeo 156 GTA Super 2000 2004 Imola ETCC round
Grand Prix Circuit: 5.040 km (1980–1994)
F1 1:24.335 Damon Hill Williams FW16 1994 San Marino Grand Prix
Group C 1:37.840[64] Pierluigi Martini Lancia LC2 1984 1000 km of Imola
F3000 1:38.290[65] Gabriele Tarquini March 87B 1987 Imola F3000 round
F3 1:45.429[66] Luca Badoer Dallara F391 1991 Imola Italian F3 round
Group A 1:51.799[67] Antonio Tamburini Alfa Romeo 155 GTA 1992 Imola Italian Superturismo round
500cc 1:53.360 Kenny Roberts Yamaha YZR500 1983 San Marino motorcycle Grand Prix
GT1 1:54.254[68] Marco Brand Ferrari F40 1993 Imola Italian GT round
BMW M1 Procar 1:54.768[69] Nelson Piquet BMW M1 Procar 1980 Imola BMW M1 Procar round
Super Touring 1:58.079[70] Fabrizio Giovanardi Peugeot 405 Mi16 1993 Imola Italian Superturismo round
250cc 2:03.130 Anton Mang Kawasaki KR250 1981 San Marino motorcycle Grand Prix
125cc 2:06.030 Angel Nieto Garelli 125 GP 1983 San Marino motorcycle Grand Prix
50cc 2:21.420 Ricardo Tormo Morbidelli 50 1983 San Marino motorcycle Grand Prix
Original Grand Prix Circuit with Variante Alta and Variante Bassa: 5.060 km (1973–1979)
F1 1:33.610[71] Gilles Villeneuve Ferrari 312 T4 1979 Dino Ferrari Grand Prix
Group 7 1:34.900[72] George Follmer Porsche 917/10 TC 1973 Coppa Orro di Shell Imola
Group 5 1:40.800[73] Jean-Pierre Jarier Matra-Simca MS670 1974 1000 km of Imola
Group 6 1:42.300[74] Jean-Pierre Jarier Renault Alpine A442 1976 500 km of Imola
F3 1:47.800[75] Michele Alboreto March 793 1979 Imola Italian F3 round
500cc 1:56.000[76] Kenny Roberts Yamaha YZR500 1979 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
350cc 1:59.300 Kork Ballington Kawasaki KR350 1979 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
250cc 2:01.400 Kork Ballington Kawasaki KR250 1979 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
125cc 2:08.500 Thierry Espié Motobécane 125 1979 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
50cc 2:24.500 Eugenio Lazzarini Kreidler 50 GP 1979 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
Original Grand Prix Circuit: 5.017 km (1953–1972)
Group 7 1:27.700[77] Helmut Marko BRM P167 1972 Imola Interserie round
F2 1:31.900[78] Peter Gethin Chevron B20 1972 Imola F2 round
Group 6 1:36.900[79] Jacky Ickx Mirage M3/300 1969 500 km of Imola
Group 4 1:41.700[79] Frank Gardner Lola T70 Mk IIIB GT 1969 500 km of Imola
F3 1:42.300[80] Шаблон:Ill Brabham BT35C 1972 1st Imola Italian F3 round
F1 1:48.300 Trevor Taylor Lotus 25 1963 Imola Grand Prix
Group 3 2:04.100[81] Шаблон:Ill Abarth Simca 1300 GT 1965 Gran Premio Shell Coppa Bologna

Fatal accidents

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

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