Английская Википедия:Imperative mandate (Ukraine)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Politics of Ukraine Imperative mandate (Шаблон:Lang-uk) commonly refers to a provision in the Constitution of Ukraine in which members of the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament) are bound by the constitution and laws of Ukraine to remain members of the parliamentary faction or bloc in which they were elected. Imperative mandate provisions were defined in the Constitution in articles Articles 78 and 81.
History
The provision was introduced in the Constitution during the 2004 Constitutional Amendments on December 8, 2004.[1][2]
During the 2006 Ukrainian political crisis, President Viktor Yushchenko applied the provision while dissolving the parliament in April 2007 after members of the opposition crossed party lines to join the Alliance of National Unity to undermine his authority and reach a 300-MP constitutional majority.[3]
On October 1, 2010 the Constitutional Court of Ukraine overturned the 2004 Constitutional Amendments, considering them unconstitutional.[4] Several individual joined other factions already on October 5, 2010.[5] But the Verkhovna Rada canceled the law's provision after amending the regulations of its activities on October 8, 2010;[6] since then only 15 or more deputies can form a parliamentary faction, a lawmaker can join only one faction (the chairman and his two assistants cannot head factions of deputies)[6][7] and deputies who are expelled from factions or decide to leave them become individual lawmakers; individual deputies are allowed to unite into parliamentary groups of people's deputies then again at least 15 deputies are required for the formation of such groups.[6][7]
2014 reinstatement
On 21 February 2014, the parliament passed a law that reinstated the December 8, 2004 amendments of the constitution.[8] This was passed under simplified procedure without any decision of the relevant committee and was passed in the first and the second reading in one voting by 386 deputies.[8] The law was approved by 140 MPs of the Party of Regions, 89 MPs of Batkivshchyna, 40 MPs of UDAR, 32 of the Communist Party, and 50 independent lawmakers.[8]
Petro Poroshenko Bloc MPs Mykola Tomenko and Yehor Firsov parliamentary mandates were terminated (due to a decision by the Petro Poroshenko Bloc party congress) by the provision in March 2016.[9]
In practice the Imperative mandate causes the deprivation of the mandate of deputies who leave their faction by their own initiative while deputies who are removed from their faction become an independent MP.[10]
In June 2020, after parliament had refused his request to release him from parliament, Svyatoslav Vakarchuk left his party's (Voice) faction and he and his party terminated his parliamentary mandate through the imperative mandate.[11]
Criticism
The Imperative mandate provisions had been the subject of criticism by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe as being undemocratic till its end.[1] In the Assembly's 2007 report on the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe — Resolution 1549 (2007) Functioning of democratic institutions in Ukraine (items 8 and 9) it wrote:
See also
- The Anti-defection law in India, a similar concept
- Imperative mandate
- Party switching
- Elections in Ukraine
References
External links
- Council of Europe — resolution Functioning of democratic institutions in Ukraine April 19, 2007
- Council of Europe — Explanatory memorandum April 17, 2007
- Council of Europe — Venice Commission:Ukraine
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe: The functioning of democratic institutions in Ukraine, Kyiv Post (October 5, 2010)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite Ukrainian law
- ↑ Ukraine on Its Way to Europe, Interim Results of the Orange Revolution by Juliane Besters-Dilger, Peter Lang, 2009, Шаблон:ISBN (page 38)
- ↑ Update: Return to 1996 Constitution strengthens president, raises legal questions, Kyiv Post (October 1, 2010)
- ↑ Seven individual MPs join Regions Party faction, Our Ukraine MP joins Lytvyn Bloc Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Rada Approves Cancellation Of Rule That Bans Deputies From Switching Factions Шаблон:Webarchive, The Financial (October 8, 2010)
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Rada amends regulations of its activities, Kyiv Post (October 8, 2010)
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 Ukrainian parliament reinstates 2004 Constitution, Interfax-Ukraine (21 February 2014)
- ↑ Шаблон:In lang Tomenko lost the court of its mandate and will complain to Europe, Ukrayinska Pravda (28 July 2016)
BPP Congress moves to terminate powers of MPs Tomenko, Firsov, UNIAN (25 March 2016)
Шаблон:Cite web - ↑ Operation "Embarrassment", UNIAN (7 December 2017)
- ↑ Шаблон:In lang Vakarchuk figured out how to get rid of the mandate if the Rada does not release, Ukrayinska Pravda (19 June 2020)
"Voice" took away Vakarchuk's deputy mandate, Ukrayinska Pravda (26 June 2020) Шаблон:In lang
The CEC recognized the new People's Deputy of the Voice instead of Vakarchuk, Ukrayinska Pravda (8 July 2020) Шаблон:In lang
