Английская Википедия:Imperial German Navy order of battle (1914)

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This is the order of battle of the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine) on the outbreak of World War I in August 1914.

Commanders and locations of the Imperial German Navy

Файл:Postcard Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany circa 1910.jpg
Kaiser Wilhelm II

The overall commander of the Imperial German Navy was Kaiser Wilhelm II. All authority over the navy was vested in the Kaiser, and he was ultimately responsible for all decisions regarding the navy.[1] Under the Kaiser were a number of organisational bodies responsible for various aspects of the navy's administration and operation, each of which was directly responsible to the Kaiser:

The departmental heads within the Imperial Naval Administration were:[1]

Nautical Department Vice-Admiral Max von Grapow
Armaments Department Vice-Admiral Gerhart Gerdes
Shipyard Department Vice-Admiral Karl Dick
Naval Construction Department Vice-Admiral Friedrich Schrader
German Department Rear-Admiral Friedrich Bodicker
States Department Vice-Admiral Harald Dähnhardt

Шаблон:Gallery

Training schools

Шаблон:Multiple image The navy had a number of establishments to train its personnel, both generally and in specific technical areas. In addition, a number of ships were on the strength of training establishments to provide practical experience.

German naval bases

Шаблон:Location map+

Файл:SMS Dresden German Cruiser LOC 16727.jpg
The light cruiser Dresden passing the Levensau High Bridge during a transit of the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal
Файл:SMY Hohenzollern 1902.jpg
The Imperial Yacht Hohenzollern

Germany had two major naval bases covering its main areas of interest:[1]

In addition to its two major bases in Germany, the Imperial German Navy had a number of units stationed overseas.

Barrack ships

As well as barracks ashore, the navy maintained a number of old and withdrawn ships for use as accommodation for its personnel while in harbour.

High Seas Fleet

Файл:Friedrich von Ingenohl pre-1915.jpg
Admiral Ingenohl
Файл:AcorazadoFedericoElGrandeYZepelínHansa--excitingpersonal00ever.jpg
Friedrich der Grosse, flagship of the High Seas Fleet

The High Seas Fleet (Hochseeflotte) was the primary formation of the Imperial German Navy, with its main element being the three operational battle squadrons to which the navy's battleships were assigned. The majority of units of the High Seas Fleet were stationed at Wilhelmshaven for operations in the North Sea. A small force was stationed at Kiel for use in the Baltic, which could be quickly reinforced by North Sea-based units via the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal. The High Seas Fleet was under the command of Admiral Friedrich von Ingenohl.[4]

Battle squadrons

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Scouting groups

Файл:Vizeadmiral Hipper, der Befehlshaber der deutschen Aufklärungsschiffe in der Seeschlacht.png
Rear-Admiral Hipper, commander of the Scouting Forces
Файл:SMS Seydlitz moored in harbour c1914.jpg
Seydlitz, flagship of the 1st Scouting Group

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Torpedo boats

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U-boats and Mine warfare

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Coastal defence

Шаблон:Location map+ A number of small units were formed whose primary purpose was coastal and harbour defence of the various naval bases in and around Wilhelmshaven. These usually consisted of one or more light cruisers, commanding a number of torpedo-boat destroyers and other vessels.[4] To provide heavy support for coastal defence, one of the reserve squadrons of the High Seas Fleet, consisting of eight obsolete coastal defence ships that were of no use as part of the main battle fleet, was assigned to the North Sea coast.

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Baltic Fleet

Файл:Prince Henry of Prussia.jpg
Prince Heinrich of Prussia
Файл:SMS Friedrich Carl - Max Dreblow.jpg
Friedrich Carl, the flagship of the Baltic Fleet

Шаблон:Location map+ Although part of the High Seas Fleet, the force stationed permanently at Kiel for operations in the Baltic operated with a degree of independence. Grand Admiral Prince Heinrich of Prussia, the brother of Kaiser Wilhelm II, was the commander-in-chief of the Baltic Fleet,Шаблон:Efn with Rear-Admiral Robert Mischke in operational command of units at sea.[3][4]

Coast Defence Group Baltic

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Battle squadrons

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Outpost Half-Flotilla Kiel / Elder

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Naval Aviation

Шаблон:Multiple image The Imperial German Navy had a small aviation capability, which was originally formed in 1913 when the Kaiser decreed the foundation of the Naval Aviation Forces (Marinefliegerkräfte). Within the newly formed aviation section were two separate commands - the Naval Airship Detachment, based at Nordholz, near Cuxhaven, and the Naval Flying Detachment, which was split between Kiel, Heligoland and Putzig.[6]

  • Naval Airship DetachmentШаблон:Efn
  • Naval Flying Detachment
    • 1st Naval Flying Detachment
      • Kiel Detachment
      • Heligoland Detachment
      • Putzig Detachment

Overseas units

Шаблон:Multiple image In addition to the main body of the Imperial German Navy stationed in home waters, Germany also maintained a number of overseas deployments of ships. The majority of these were usually of one or two cruisers operating independently, with the primary formation of German warships outside German waters being the East Asia Squadron, under the command of Vice-Admiral Maximilian von Spee, which was stationed at Tsingtao.[7][8] The navy also provided a significant proportion of the garrison at Tsingtao, with approximately 1,200 of the 3,000 strong garrison coming from one of the marine battalions.[9] The other major formation was the Mediterranean Division, commanded by Rear-Admiral Wilhelm Souchon.[10] Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end Шаблон:Gallery

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Herwig p.22
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Tarrant, p. 286
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Bassett, p. 55
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Bassett, p. 40
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