Английская Википедия:Independence Day (Azerbaijan, 28 May)

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description

Файл:Ilham Aliyev visited monument to Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.jpg
A ceremony held on Istiglaliyyat Street in 2019.

Independence Day (Шаблон:Lang-az) honours the date on which the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) was founded as the first secular democratic state in the Muslim East: 28 May 1918. Since 1990, Republic Day is celebrated as a national holiday in Azerbaijan.[1]

Until 2021, it was marked as Republic Day. In October 2021, it was renamed and became Independence Day.[2][3]

History of Republic Day

The Russian Empire was overthrown by the short-lived February Revolution in 1917. The national movement of people who were trampled by the tyranny existed in the country started. On 28 May 1918 the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920), the first secular democratic state in the Muslim East was proclaimed. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, founded by Mammad Amin Rasulzadeh, was the first parliamentary republic and the first democratic, legal and secular state in the Turkic and Islamic world.[4]

Файл:Flag of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918).svg
First flag of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, 24 July-9 November 1918
Файл:Flag of Azerbaijan 1918.svg
Flag of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the Republic of Azerbaijan

Among the important accomplishments of the ADR was the extension of suffrage to women, making Azerbaijan one of the first countries in the world, and the very first majority-Muslim nation, to grant women equal political rights with men. The first state, which officially recognized the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was the Ottoman Empire. That historic event took place on 4 June 1918.[5] On 9 November 1918 on the basis of the proposal by Mammad Amin Rasulzadeh the three-color flag of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was adopted.[6]

Until then the flag of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was red. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was able to operate in a tense and complicated socio-political situation for only 23 months. The Soviet Union invaded Azerbaijan on 28 April 1920. Though the idea of independence was not defeated, and in 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Empire, Azerbaijan again declared its independence.[7][8]

Declaration of Independence

Шаблон:Infobox document Azerbaijan declared independence from Russian Empire in Tiflis on 28 May 1918.[9]

The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was founded by the Azerbaijani National Council in Tiflis on 28 May 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Muslim representation in the defunct Transcaucasian Seim had constituted itself into the Azerbaijani National Council, and on 28 May 1918 proclaimed that a new nation was born. So far only a geographical reference, Azerbaijan now became the name of a state, and some 2 million people, called variously Tatars, Transcaucasian Muslims, and Caucasian Turks, officially became Azerbaijanis.[10]

Celebrations

One year after the founding of the ADR, a military parade on the site of the Azerbaijan Carpet Museum took place on Republic Day.[11] The first jubilee celebrations in honor of the holiday took place in 1998. This events were widely celebrated in accordance with the decree “On the Celebration of the 80th Anniversary of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan” that was signed by President Heydar Aliyev on 30 January 1998.[12] On 26 May, President Aliyev delivered a speech to the National Assembly[13] and a day later, he delivered a gala speech in honor of the occasion.[14] In 2001, Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow visited the country for the first time to attend the Republic Day celebrations.[15] In 2008, a postage stamp was issued in connection with the 90th anniversary of the Republic.[16]

Locations

In honor of this day the station of the Baku underground is named. Initially, it was called "April 28", since on 28 April 1920, Soviet power was established in Azerbaijan, and the ADR ceased to exist. However, after the Republic gained independence for the second time, the name, reminiscent of the Soviet past, was replaced by "May 28". It was enough to rename only letters, the numbers remained the same.[17]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Public holidays in Azerbaijan

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Rais Rasulzade (his grandson), "Mammad Amin Rasulzade: Founding Father of the First Republic," Шаблон:Webarchive in Azerbaijan International, Vol. 7:3 (Autumn 1999), pp. 22–23.
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ Tadeusz Swietochowski. Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. Columbia University Press, 2077. Шаблон:ISBN, Шаблон:ISBN and Reinhard Schulze. A Modern History of the Islamic World. I.B.Tauris, 2000. Шаблон:ISBN, Шаблон:ISBN. Citations are at Talk:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic#First or second
  5. ↑ Michael G. Smith. Anatomy of a Rumour: Murder Scandal, the Musavat Party and Narratives of the Russian Revolution in Baku, 1917–20. Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 36, No. 2 (Apr., 2001), pp. 211–240
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  10. ↑ Tadeusz Swietochowski. Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995. Шаблон:ISBN, p. 129
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  17. ↑ 125 H.C.Debs., 58., February 24, 1920, p. 1467.
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Independence_Day_(Azerbaijan,_28_May)&oldid=15398651