Английская Википедия:Indian Mars exploration missions

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The Indian Mars exploration missions are an ongoing series of outer space missions by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for the exploration of Mars. The exploration is currently in the primary phase with Orbiter missions.

There has been a single mission so far that deployed an orbiter around the planet which later lost its contact with the earth in 2022. A second mission planned for 2031 when the launch window opens.

Programme structure

The early phase consists of Mars orbiter missions while the next phase could be aimed at soft landing on the Martian surface and deploying a rover for sample study.

Phase I: Orbiters

Mars Orbiter Mission

Файл:Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft.jpg

Diagram of Mars Orbiter Mission-1.

Файл:Arsia Mons - Mars Orbiter Mission (30108068296).png

Region around Arsia Mons captured by MOM-1.

The first mission, which is also known as Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) was launched in 2013 which carried Mars Orbiter Mission orbiter. The original mission was expected to operate for 6 months, but it lived well past its expected lifetime and lost its contact with the earth in 2022, lasting for over seven years.

Mars Orbiter Mission 2

Mars Orbiter Mission-2 is a proposed second Indian orbiter mission to Mars. Unlike the previous orbiter, it will operate in a lower orbit with Periareon and Apoareon altitude closer to the Martian surface. It will also carry greater scientific payload that includes a hyperspectral camera, a very high resolution panchromatic camera and a radar to better understand the early stages of Mars, its early crust, recent basalts, and ongoing activities such as boulder falls.

Phase 2 : Micro Landers and Drones

Furthermore ISRO has also Conceptualized a Mars UAV ''Marble'' a.k.a the ''Martian Boundary Layer Explorer,'' that will have a suite of payloads for aerial exploration of Mars. The aerial vehicle will be designed to be capable of flying up to 100 meters in the thin Martian air to profile the Martian atmosphere.

It is however unclear as if it would launch on Mangalyaan 2 as previous statements had given that it would be an orbiter mission only.

It will conduct a high-resolution vertical profiling of critical atmospheric parameters and perform first-of-its-kind in-situ measurements in the near-surface boundary layers of Mars. The payloads will include temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor, wind speed sensor, electric field sensor, and the trace species and dust sensor to measure vertical distribution of dust aerosols.The information was shared by Jayadev Pradeep, a scientist with the Space Physics Laboratory at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, during a webinar. Further details are expected to also confirm the integration of a small rover, which as per media reports where in conceptual phase of development.

List of Missions

Mission

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Mission	Launch Date	Launch Vehicle	Orbital Insertion Date	Landing Date	Return Date	Status
						Main Mission	Extended Mission	Expected Mission Duration	Final Mission Duration	Notes
Phase 1: Orbiters
Mars Orbiter Mission	5 November 2013	PSLV-XL	24 September 2014	–	–	Шаблон:Success	Шаблон:Success	6 months	7 years, 6 months, 8 days	First Indian interplanetary mission.
Mars Orbiter Mission 2	TBD	LVM3	TBD	–	–	TBD	TBD	1 year	TBD	Proposed second Indian Mars orbiter mission.

Файл:Mars Orbiter Mission - India - ArtistsConcept.jpg

An artist's concept of MOM - 1 around Mars

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Spacecraft during encapsulation

Gallery

• One of the first images of the surface of Mars taken by the MOM-1 on 25 September 2014.

  One of the first images of the surface of Mars taken by the MOM-1 on 25 September 2014.

• Dust storm on northern hemisphere of Mars as seen from MOM-1 on 28 September 2014.

  Dust storm on northern hemisphere of Mars as seen from MOM-1 on 28 September 2014.

• Tharsis and Valles Marineris as captured by MOM-1.

  Tharsis and Valles Marineris as captured by MOM-1.

• Syrtis Major by MOM-1.

  Syrtis Major by MOM-1.

• North pole of Mars by MOM-1.

  North pole of Mars by MOM-1.

See more on ISRO's website

See also

• Chandrayaan programme
• Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
• List of missions to Mars

External links

• Mars Colour Camera images from ISRO