Английская Википедия:Indian Union Muslim League
Шаблон:EngvarBШаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox Indian political party The Indian Union Muslim League (abbreviated as the IUML or Muslim League) is a political party primarily based in Kerala. It is recognised as a State Party in Kerala by the Election Commission of India.[1]
After the Partition of India, the first Council of the Indian segment of the All-India Muslim League was held on 10 March 1948 at the south Indian city of Madras (now Chennai).[2] The party renamed itself as the 'Indian Union Muslim League' and adopted a new constitution on 1 September 1951.[2]
IUML is a major member of the opposition United Democratic Front, the INC-led pre-poll state level alliance in Kerala.[3][4] Whenever the United Democratic Front rules in Kerala, the party leaders are chosen as important Cabinet Ministers. The party has always had a constant, albeit small, presence in the Indian Parliament.[3] The party is a part of the UPA in national level.[3] The League first gained a ministry (Minister of State for External Affairs) in Indian Government in 2004.[5]
The party currently has four members in Parliament - E. T. Mohammed Basheer, M. P. Abdussamad Samadani and Kani K. Navas in the Lok Sabha and P. V. Abdul Wahab in the Rajya Sabha - and fifteen members in Kerala State Legislative Assembly.
History
After the partition of India in 1947, the All-India Muslim League was virtually disbanded. It was succeeded by the Indian segment of the Muslim League in the new Dominion of India (first session on 10 March 1948 and constitution passed on 1 September 1951).[6] M. Muhammad Ismail, the then President of the Madras unit of the Muslim League was chosen as the Convener of the Indian segment of the party.[2] The Travancore Muslim League (the States' Muslim League) was merged with the Malabar League in November, 1956.[2]
Indian Union Muslim League contests General Elections under the Indian Constitution.[6] The party is normally represented by two members in the Indian Lower House (the Lok Sabha).[6] B. Pocker, elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the First Lower House (1952–57) from the Madras Muslim League.[6] The party currently has four members in Parliament.
Apart from Kerala and West Bengal, the League had Legislative Assembly members in Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Maharastra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, and Assam.[7] In West Bengal, the League had won Assembly seats in the 1970s, and A. K. A. Hassanussaman was a member of the Ajoy Mukherjee cabinet.[8]
Indian Union Muslim League first gained a ministry in Kerala Government as part of the Communist Party of India Marxist-led United Front in 1967. The party switched fronts in 1969 and formed an alliance with the Congress in 1976.[9][4] It later became a chief constituent in a succession of Indian National Congress-led ministries.[4]
Early years
- First Council of the Indian segment of the Muslim League was held on 10 March 1948 at the south Indian city of Madras (now Chennai).[2]
- On 1 September 1951, the 'Indian Union Muslim League' came into being in Madras (constitution was passed).[2]
- B. Pocker Sahib, elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the first Lok Sabha (1952–57).[6]
- K. M Seethi Sahib served as the Speaker of the Kerala Assembly from 1960 to 1961.[10]
From the 1960s to the 80s
- The League gained a ministry in Kerala Government in 1967 (C. H. Mohammed Koya and M. P. M. Ahammed Kurikkal).[4]
- The League oversaw the creation of the University of Calicut, the second university in Kerala, in 1968.[4]
- Contribution to local government - the League oversaw the creation of Malappuram District in 1969.[4]
- Death of M. Muhammad Ismail (1972) and Bafaqy Thangal (1973).[11] Syed Ummer Bafaqy Thangal rebels against the leadership.[11]
With the Congress Party
- Muslim League formed an alliance with the Congress in 1976.[9]
- C. H. Mohammed Koya served as the Chief Minister of Kerala from 12 October to 1 December 1979.[12]
- Muslim League joined the Congress (Indira)-lead United Democratic Front in 1979/80.
- The 'rebel' Muslim League formed 'All India Muslim League' and joined the Left Front in 1980.[11][13]
- C. H. Mohammed Koya and K. Avukaderkutty Naha served as Deputy Chief Ministers of Kerala in the 1980s.[12]
In the 1990s
- All India Muslim League (AIML) quit the Left Front and merged with the Muslim League in 1985.[14]
- Demolition of the Babri Masjid (1992). Panakkad Syed Mohammed Ali Shihab Thangal made a passionate plea to all the Muslims in Kerala to remain calm.[15] Kerala remained peaceful throughout.[16]
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait, then National President, rebelled and formed the Indian National League (INL) in 1994.[17]
- Minister of Education (E. T. Mohammad Basheer) decided to establish the University of Sanskrit (1993) in Kerala.[17][18]
From the 2000s
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee dispatched E. Ahamed to the United Nations (Geneva) to represent India (2004).[17][16]
- Mid-2000s witnessed the Manjeri (2004) and the Kuttippuram-Mankada (2006) defeats.[19]
- The League first gained a ministry (E. Ahamed) in Indian Government (Manmohan Singh Ministry) in 2004.[20]
- Panakkad Syed Mohammed Ali Shihab Thangal died in 2009.[15]
- The League won a record 20 out of the contested 23 seats in the 2011 Assembly Elections.
- The League remains in the Opposition for two consecutive terms (2016 and 2021)
National general secretary of Indian Union Muslim League
No. | Name | Portrait | Tenure | Home State |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | M. Muhammed Ismail | Файл:M. Muhammad Ismail (Postage Stamp, Government of India).jpg | 10 March 1948 — 5 April 1972 | Tamil Nadu |
2 | Bafaqy Thangal | 1972 — 19 January 1973 | Kerala | |
3 | Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait | Файл:Sulaimansait 1.jpg | 1973—1994 | Karnataka |
4 | G. M. Banatwala | 1994— 25 June 2008 | Maharashtra | |
5 | E. Ahamed | Файл:The portrait of the Minister of State for Railways, Shri E. Ahammed.jpg | 25 June 2008 — 1 February 2017 | Kerala |
6 | K. M. Kader Mohideen | Файл:Prof. K. M. Kader Mohideen.jpg | 27 February 2017 — present | Tamil Nadu |
Ideology
Шаблон:Conservatism sidebar Шаблон:Blockquote
Composition
Designation | Name |
---|---|
Chairman- Political Advisory Committee (PAC) | Sadiq Ali Thangal (Kerala) |
National President | K. M. Kader Mohideen (Tamil Nadu)[21] |
Vice Presidents | Iqbal Ahmed (Uttar Pradesh) |
Dastagir Ibrahim Aga (Karnataka) | |
National General Secretary | P. K. Kunhalikutty (Kerala)[22] |
National Organising Secretary | E. T. Mohammed Basheer (Kerala) |
National Treasurer | P. V. Abdul Wahab (Kerala)[23] |
Secretaries | Khorrum Anis Omer (Delhi) |
M. P. Abdussamad Samadani (Kerala) | |
S. Naim Akthar (Bihar) | |
Siraj Ebrahim Sait (Karnataka) | |
Assistant Secretaries | Abdul Basith (Tamil Nadu) |
Kausar Hayat Khan (Uttar Pradesh) |
Organizational structure
- Youth Wing: Muslim Youth League (the Youth League) [1]
- National President: Asif Ansari (New Delhi)
- National Secretary: Faisal Babu (Kerala)[24]
- Kerala State President: Sayyid Munavvar Ali Shihab Thangal
- Kerala State General Secretary: P. K. Firoz
- Students' Wing: Muslim Students Federation (M. S. F.)
- National President: P.V. Ahamed Saju
- National General Secretary: S. H. Muhammed Arshad
- Scheduled Caste Wing: Indian Union Dalit League
- Women's Political Wing: Haritha and Muslim Women's League
- Trade Union Organization (Kerala): Swatantra Thozhilali Union (S.T.U)
- Peasants' Union (Kerala): Swathanthra Karshaka Sangam (Independent Peasants Union)
- Advocates: Lawyers Forum
- Expatriates: Kerala Muslim Cultural Centre (K. M. C. C.)
Kerala Legislative Assembly
Source: http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/electionhistory.html
Early years (1957 - 1979/80)
Election | Seats | Vote% | Government/Opposition | Ministers | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Won (Contested) | |||||
1957 | 8 (19)
As independents |
4.72 | Opposition (to Namboodiripad Ministry)
1957 - 59 |
[13][25] | |
1960 | 11 (12) | 5.0 Шаблон:Increase | Government (Pattom Ministry)
1960 - 62
|
Excluded from the Pattom Ministry[26] | [26][13][27] |
Abstaining Opposition (to Shankar Ministry)[26]
1962 - 64 |
[26] | ||||
1965 | 6 (16) | 3.71 Шаблон:Decrease | Inconclusive (no government formed)[26] | [27][13] | |
1967 | 14 (15) | 6.75 Шаблон:Increase | Government[4] (Namboodiripad Ministry)
1967 - 69 |
|
[4][27] |
Government (Achutha Menon Ministry)
1969 - 70 |
[28] | ||||
1970 | 11 (20) | 7.7 Шаблон:Increase | Government (Achutha Menon Ministry)
1970 - 77 |
|
[28][29] |
1977 | 13 (16) | 6.65 Шаблон:Decrease | Government (Karunakaran Ministry)
1977 |
[28][29] | |
Government (Antony Ministry)
1977 - 78 |
| ||||
Government (PKV Ministry)
1978 - 79 |
|||||
Government (Koya Ministry)
1979 |
With the United Democratic Front (1979/80 - present)
Election | Seats | Vote % | Government/Opposition[4] | Ministers |
---|---|---|---|---|
Won (Contested) | ||||
1980 | 14 (21) | 7.18 Шаблон:Increase | Opposition (to Nayanar Ministry)
1980 - 81 | |
Government (Karunakaran Ministry)
1981 - 82 |
||||
1982 | 14 (18) | 6.17 Шаблон:Decrease | Government (Karunakaran Ministry)
1982 - 87 |
|
1987 | 15 (23) | 7.73 Шаблон:Increase | Opposition
(to Nayanar Ministry) 1987 - 91 | |
1991 | 19 (22) | 7.37 Шаблон:Decrease | Government
(Karunakaran Ministry) 1991 - 95 |
|
Government
(Antony Ministry) 1995 - 96 |
| |||
1996 | 13 (23) | 7.19 Шаблон:Decrease | Opposition
(to Nayanar Ministry) 1996 - 2001 | |
2001 | 16 (21) | 7.59 Шаблон:Increase | Government
(Antony Ministry) 2001 - 2004 |
|
Government
(Chandy Ministry) 2004 - 2006 |
| |||
2006 | 7 (21) | 7.30 Шаблон:Decrease | Opposition
(to Achuthanandan Ministry) 2006 - 11 | |
2011 | 20 (23) | 7.92 Шаблон:Increase | Government
(Chandy Ministry) 2011 - 16 |
|
2016 | 18 (23) | 7.40 Шаблон:Decrease | Opposition
(to Vijayan Ministry) 2016 - 2021 | |
2021 | 15 (25) | 8.27 Шаблон:Increase | Opposition
(to Vijayan Ministry) |
Current members
Members of Parliament
Loksabha
Source: Loksabha Шаблон:Columns-list
Rajya Sabha
Source: Rajyasabha Шаблон:Columns-list
Controversies
The Muslim League has opposed the Supreme Court of India verdict regarding entry of adult women to Sabarimala temple.[30][31] It is also at odds with several LGBTQ rulings from the Supreme Court.[32] The party also supports the primacy of Muslim Personal Law among Indian Muslims.[33][34]
IUML opposes implementing gender neutrality and comprehensive sex education in school curriculum saying that it promotes homosexuality, leads to sexual anarchy and is part of an atheist-liberal conspiracy to destroy religious values.[35][36][37]
An article by the current president of the Muslim League, on Hagia Sophia,[38] seemed to support the views of political Islam.[39][40]
Muslim League generally presents itself as a conservative political party in Kerala.[41][42] In 2021, ten female leaders from the disbanded Haritha state committee lodged a police complaint against the state president of the Muslim Students Federation (MSF) and the Malappuram district general secretary, accusing them of making sexual remarks.[43][44]
In July 2023, following the Manipur violence where a woman was paraded naked in public,[45] members of the Muslim League raised death slogans in Kanhangad, located in the Kasaragod district of Kerala.The following day, Kerala Police arrested five of those members.[46][47] Upon criticism over the incident, the State President of IUML Panakkad Sayyid Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal responded on 28 July, saying no one has the right to hurt the sentiments and faith of others.[48]
See also
- List of political parties in India
- All-India Muslim League
- Indian Independence Movement
- List of Islamic political parties
References
External links
Шаблон:Commons category-inline
Шаблон:Indian political parties Шаблон:United Democratic Front (Kerala) Шаблон:United Progressive Alliance Шаблон:Indian Union Muslim League
развернутьПартнерские ресурсы |
---|
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 Wright, T. (1966). The Muslim League in South India since Independence: A Study in Minority Group Political Strategies. The American Political Science Review, 60(3), 579-599. Шаблон:JSTOR
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6 4,7 4,8 James Chiriyankandath (1996) Changing Muslim politics in Kerala: identity, interests and political strategies, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 16:2, 257-271.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 11,0 11,1 11,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 12,0 12,1 Chief Minister of Kerala (Official Website)
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 15,0 15,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 16,0 16,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 17,0 17,1 17,2 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Jeffrey, Robin. "Politics, Women and Well-Being: How Kerala became a Model" Palgrave McMillan (1992); 112 and 114.
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 26,0 26,1 26,2 26,3 26,4 26,5 Wright, Theodore P. 'The Muslim League in South India since Independence.' American Political Science Review, vol. 60, no. 3, 1966, pp. 579–599., doi:10.2307/1952972.
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 27,0 27,1 27,2 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 28,0 28,1 28,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Перейти обратно: 29,0 29,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Indian Union Muslim League
- Political parties established in 1948
- Political parties established in 1951
- Muslim League
- Muslim League breakaway groups
- Islamic political parties in India
- 1948 establishments in India
- Conservative parties in India
- Member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
- Islamic political parties
- Political parties in India
- Islamic organisations based in Kerala
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии