Английская Википедия:Indian chess

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Файл:Chaturanga Chess Set.jpg

Antique Indian chess set depicting elephants, horses and camels

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Multiple issues Indian chess is the name given to regional variations of chess played in India in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is distinct from chaturanga. There are several such variations, all quite similar to modern rules, with variants regarding castling, pawn promotion, etc. These variants were popular in India until the 1960s. However, even today a mix of Indian and international rules and terminology are used in some parts of India.

Differences from Western chess

• The king cannot move unless at least one check has been given.
• When only the kings and pawns are left in play, the opponent may not give check, but they can win by stalemate. Alternatively, giving check is allowed, but the capture of the last pawn (which would result in a draw) is disallowed.
• The pawn's two-step initial move is absent in Indian chess; thus, the en passant capture is also absent.
• Normal castling with rook and king is absent. The king can make a knight's move once in a game, known as Indian castling.
• On reaching the opposite end of the board, a pawn is promoted to a piece of the type that began on that square. If it is promoted on the king's initial position, it is promoted a queen.
• If there is one piece remaining other than the kings, it may not be captured. Alternatively, it may be captured unless it is a pawn.

Names of the pieces

The following table describes one version of Indian chess terminology for the various pieces (including Hindi and Urdu pronunciations):

Standard chess piece	Indian chess piece
	English	Hindi	Urdu	ISO 15919	Other	Telugu	Malayalam	Tamil
king	king	राजा	راجا	rājā		రాజు	രാജാവ്	ராஜா
		बादशाह	بادشاہ	bādśāh
queen	minister	मन्त्री	منتری	mantrī		మంత్రి	മന്ത്രി
		व़ज़ीर	وزیر	wazīr
	queen	बेगम	بیگم	bēgam			None
		रानी	رانی	rānī				ராணி
		मलिका	ملکا	malikā
	general	सेनापति	سیناپتی	sēnāpati
rook	elephant	हाथी	ہاتھی	hāthī	āna	ఏనుగు	None	யானை
	chariot	रथ	رتھ	rath	rukkha		തേര്	கோட்டை
knight	horse	घोड़ा	گھوڑا	ghōṛā		గుఱ్ఱము	കുതിര	குதிரை
bishop	camel	ऊँट	اونٹ	ū̃ṭ			None
	bishop	व़ज़ीर	وزیر	wazīr				அமைச்சர்
	chariot	रथ	رتھ	rath		శకటం/శెగటు
	elephant						ആന
pawn	infantryman	पैदल	پیدل	paidal		బంటు	കാലാള്‍
		प्यादा	پیادا	pyādā			കാലാള്‍ / പടയാളി
		सैनिक	سینک	sainik			പടയാളി
		सिपाही	سپاہی	sipāhī			None

See also

• Origins of chess
• Chaturaji, four-handed version of chaturanga
• Shatranj

Further reading

• Bhartiya Shatranj [in Hindi] by Dwarka Prasad Gupta. Published by Vangmaya Prakashan, Jaipur
• The History of Chess: from the Time of the Early Invention of the Game in India till the Period of its establishment in Western and Central Europe - The History of Chess: from the Time of the Early Invention of the Game in India till the Period of its establishment in Western and Central Europe