Английская Википедия:Infantry Company of the Lithuanian Tribunal
Шаблон:Infobox military unit The Infantry Company of the Lithuanian Tribunal (Шаблон:Lang-lt) also known as the Hungarian Banner of the Lithuanian Tribunal (Шаблон:Lang-lt; Шаблон:Lang-plШаблон:Sfn) was an infantry company of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania charged with protecting the Lithuanian Tribunal,Шаблон:Sfn as well as guarding detainees.Шаблон:Sfn It was not part of the Lithuanian Grand Ducal Army's establishment.[1] It was called "Hungarian", because its infantry was of the Hungarian-type.
History
During the Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702), the anti-Sapieha coalition (also called the Republicans) decided to found the Tribunal Banner, which would be made up of the Hungarian-type infantry, in 1698.Шаблон:Sfn Its infantry was called Hungarian to distinguish it from the Шаблон:Ill, which was the other infantry type in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Tribunal Banner, which was a military unit, was not to be commanded by the Lithuanian Grand Hetman, a military commander, but by the Marshal of the Tribunal, a civilian authority.Шаблон:Sfn The duty of ensuring the security of the Tribunal's work and maintaining order in the city where the Tribunal's meetings were held was to be entrusted to the Marshal of the Tribunal. The coalition also wanted to prohibit hetmans from bringing in additional units into the city while the Tribunal was in session.Шаблон:Sfn
As the unit began forming, the Republicans decided to more firmly establish its existence through the resolution of Lithuanian nobility on 21 December 1698 in Gardinas.Шаблон:Sfn Like with the nobility's other demands, August II the Strong agreed to the creation of a military unit not subordinate to the hetman, while himself successfully pressuring Sapieha to agree to his enemy's demands.Шаблон:Sfn During the Sejm of 1699, which was in session from June 16 to 30, the Tribunal Banner was legalized and its strength established at 100 Hungarian-type infantrymen and a few officers.Шаблон:Sfn The unit had a yearly budget of 25,000 ducats and these funds were to be allocated from the proceeds of the Jewish poll tax (also as known as the pillow tax).Шаблон:Sfn
After the Sejm's decision, the Lithuanian Tribunal adopted the Tribunal Banner's "ordination", i.e. regulations governing the unit's composition, tasks and statutes, during the tribunal's session in Naugardukas on 30 November 1699.Шаблон:Sfn They stated that the Tribunal Banner could only be subordinated to the Lithuanian Tribunal and its marshal, who would be "like a hetman" to the banner.Шаблон:Sfn The unit had to obey the marshal not only during his term of office in the Lithuanian Tribunal, but until a new marshal of the Tribunal was elected.Шаблон:Sfn Yearly on May 12, during the inauguration of the Lithuanian Tribunal in Vilnius, a review of the banner had to be carried out.Шаблон:Sfn The same was to be repeated in Minskas or Naugardukas on November 12.Шаблон:Sfn The Republican-appointed rotmistras Jokūbas Kijanovskis (Шаблон:Lang-pl) was appointed the Tribunal Banner's commander.Шаблон:Sfn Despite the Republicans no longer having the absolute control over the Lithuanian Tribunal which they had in 1698, the Great Scribe of Lithuania Шаблон:Ill implemented the Sejm's decision.Шаблон:Sfn
However, the Grand Hetman Sapieha did not want to recognize this military unit formed against his will.Шаблон:Sfn The Tribunal Banner's task of maintaining order in Vilnius and protecting the Tribunal were removed by the Sapieha-influenced Tribunal that was inaugurated in 1700 after an agreement between the Sapiehas and Radvilas.Шаблон:Sfn Instead of the banner, the elected Marshal of the Tribunal, Chancellor Radvila, relied on his private military units.Шаблон:Sfn The decision to establish the Tribunal Banner that was only subject to the Tribunal's marshal, was approved by Lithuania's Republicans in the so-called Valkininkai resolution of 24 November 1700, which also provided for the possibility of using military coercion against Jewish communities if they did not pay the portion of the Jewish poll tax assigned to financing the military unit on time.Шаблон:Sfn The Supreme Lithuanian Tribunal's Hungarian Infantry (sometimes also called Janissary) Banner was finally legalized in 1717 during the so-called Silent Sejm.Шаблон:Sfn In the same session, the structure and composition (so-called Шаблон:Ill) of the Lithuanian Grand Ducal Army was also established.Шаблон:Sfn In contrast to the past, the Tribunal Banner had less financing than before, as it was only allocated 20,000 ducats, collected from the Jewish poll tax as before.Шаблон:Sfn Notably, the Tribunal's Banner was not counted in the army's composition, which was itself only allocated 6100 posts, i.e. salary units.Шаблон:Sfn In such a manner, the unit's autonomy from the hetman was ensured.Шаблон:Sfn Additionally, the Sejm's constitution did not name the Tribunal Banner's garrison location or size and it can only be assumed that the aforementioned hundred soldiers and a few officers continued serving.Шаблон:Sfn Generally, the Banner was in those cities where the Lithuanian Tribunal was in session.Шаблон:Sfn
The Tribunal Banner was useful in strengthening the authority of the Tribunal's marshals and protected it from the direct intervention of magnates or pressure from officials.Шаблон:Sfn Considering that an analogous unit, the Treasury Banner (Regiment) was established in the 18th century's latter half for Lithuania's Treasury, with the mission of ensuring the security and order of the treasury system at its meeting place in Gardinas.Шаблон:Sfn
The company is supposed to have had 64 soldiers as of 22 June 1790.Шаблон:Sfn In 1792, the company was stationed in Maišiagala and Širvintos.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In August 1793, the company had 63 soldiers.Шаблон:Sfn On 23 April 1794, the company, with its 50 soldiers, participated in the Vilnius uprising.Шаблон:Sfn
Bibliography
Citations
References
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Шаблон:Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army 1717–1795
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