Английская Википедия:Inkwell

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An English silver and glass inkwell, hallmark date 1910

An inkwell is a small jar or container, often made of glass, porcelain, silver, brass, or pewter, used for holding ink in a place convenient for the person who is writing. The artist or writer dips the brush, quill, or dip pen into the inkwell as needed or uses the inkwell as the source for filling the reservoir of a fountain pen. An inkwell usually has a lid to prevent contamination, evaporation, accidental spillage, and excessive exposure to air. A type known as the travelling inkwell was fitted with a secure screw lid so a traveller could carry a supply of ink in their luggage without the risk of leakage.

Origins

The inkwell's origins may be traced back to Ancient Egypt where scribes would write on papyrus. Knowledge of hieroglyphs was at the time highly restricted. Only scribes knew the full array of hieroglyphs and would write on the behalf of their employers, usually the pharaoh. After Rome invaded Egypt, inkwells became more popular in Italy as a larger percentage of the population were capable of writing.[1]

Inkwells gradually fell out of use in the early part of 20th century[2] as the reservoir fountain pen (which needs to be filled only occasionally) replaced the dip pen, which needed to be dipped in ink after writing a few lines. Old school desks had round holes for inkwells.[3]

Gallery

Bibliography

  • The Collector's World of Inkwells, Jean & Franklin Hunting, Schiffer Publishing Ltd Шаблон:ISBN
  • The Write Stuff Inkwells Pens & Desk Accessories, Ray & Bevy Jaegers, Krause Publications Шаблон:ISBN
  • McGraw's Book of Antique Inkwells Volume 1, Vincent D McGraw, published privately 1972
  • Edwardian Shopping 1898–1913 selection facsimile, Army & Navy Stores, David & Charles Шаблон:ISBN
  • Pens & Writing Equipment, Jim Marshall, Miller's Шаблон:ISBN
  • English Silver Hallmarks, Judith Bannister, W Foulsham & Co Ltd Шаблон:ISBN
  • Handbook of Pottery & Porcelain Marks, J P Cushion, Faber & Faber Ltd Шаблон:ISBN
  • Walter's Inkwells of 1885 Book 1, Leo G Walter, published privately 1968
  • Inkbottles & Inkwells, William E Covill Jnr, William S Sullwold 1971
  • Inkstands & Inkwells A Collector's Guide, Betty & Ted Rivera, Crown Publishers Inc,Шаблон:ISBN
  • Inkwells Identification & Values Book 1,Veldon Badders, Schroeder Publishing Inc, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Inkwells Identification & Values Book II, Veldon Badders, Schroeder Publishing Inc, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Western Writing Implements, Michael Finlay, Plains Books Шаблон:ISBN
  • Writing Antiques, George Mell, Shire Publications Ltd Шаблон:ISBN
  • Writing Implements & Accessories, Joyce Irene Whalley, David & Charles Шаблон:ISBN
  • Yesterday's Shopping 1907 facsimile, Army & Navy Stores, David & Charles Шаблон:ISBN
  • The Story of Writing, Donald Jackson, Studio Vista Шаблон:ISBN
  • The Enormous File, A Social History of the Office, Alan Delgado, John Murray Шаблон:ISBN
  • Doulton Ink Wares, Colin Roberts, BEE Publications Шаблон:ISBN
  • De Vito, C., Medeghini, L., Mignardi, S., Coletti, F., & Contino, A. (2017). (rome, italy): Production technology. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 37(4), 1779–1788. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.11.044

See also

References

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Шаблон:Wiktionary Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Pens Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Shanks, H. (2002). Scrolls, Scripts & Stelae. Biblical Archaeology Review, 28(5), 24.
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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