Английская Википедия:Input Field Separators

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For many command line interpreters (“shell”) of Unix operating systems, the input field separators or internal field separators or Шаблон:Tt shell variable holds characters used to separate text into tokens.

The value of Шаблон:Mono, (in the bash shell) typically includes the space, tab, and the newline characters by default. These whitespace characters can be visualized by issuing the "declare" command in the bash shell or printing Шаблон:Mono with commands like printf %s "$IFS" | od -c, printf "%q\n" "$IFS" or printf %s "$IFS" | cat -A (the latter two commands being only available in some shells and on some systems).

From the Bash, version 4 man page:

The shell treats each character of Шаблон:Mono as a delimiter, and splits the results of the other expansions into words on these characters. If Шаблон:Mono is unset, or its value is exactly Шаблон:Mono, the default, then sequences of Шаблон:Mono, Шаблон:Mono, and Шаблон:Mono at the beginning and end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any sequence of Шаблон:Mono characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit words. If Шаблон:Mono has a value other than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters Шаблон:Mono and Шаблон:Mono are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is in the value of Шаблон:Mono (an Шаблон:Mono whitespace character). Any character in Шаблон:Mono that is not Шаблон:Mono whitespace, along with any adjacent Шаблон:Mono whitespace characters, delimits a field. A sequence of Шаблон:Mono whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of Шаблон:Mono is null, no word splitting occurs.

IFS abbreviation

According to the Open Group Base Specifications, Шаблон:Tt is an abbreviation for "input field separators."[1] A newer version of this specification mentions that "this name is misleading as the IFS characters are actually used as field terminators."[2] However Шаблон:Tt is often referred to as "internal field separators."

Exploits

IFS was usable as an exploit in some versions of Unix. A program with root permissions could be fooled into executing user-supplied code if it ran (for instance) system("/bin/mail") and was called with Шаблон:Mono set to Шаблон:Mono, in which case it would run the program "Шаблон:Mono" (in the current directory and thus writable by the user) with root permissions.[3] This has been fixed by making the shells not inherit the IFS variable.

References

Шаблон:Reflist


Шаблон:Compsci-stub