Английская Википедия:Inter-caste marriage in Nepal
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Inter-caste marriage (Шаблон:Lang-ne Шаблон:IPA-ne) is a type of marriage that is done outside of one's caste. Nepal has many castes and inter-caste marriage is generally considered taboo. However, this kind of marriage has been gradually gaining acceptance.
It is against the law to discriminate against a person for their "cultural and ethnic" background.[1] Nevertheless, most Nepali families disapprove of inter-caste marriages because "they fear they will become social outcasts".[1] According to research done by Jagaran Media Center, inter-caste marriage often leads to harassment, forced separation, displacement, and institutional discrimination.[2] Additionally, brides who are not accepted by their families were found to be at risk of depression and psychosocial difficulties.[3]
Background and reactions
In 1854, the Government of Nepal passed the "Muluki Ain" commissioned by Jung Bahadur Rana.[4][5] This law outlawed marriage between people of a lower caste with those of a higher caste.[4] In 1963, King Mahendra modified the law to abolish the "caste-based unequal citizenship".[4][6] Since then, inter-caste marriage has been gradually gaining acceptance throughout Nepal.[4][7][8][9]
In 2009, the Government of Nepal announced that it would give a sum of रू100,000 Nepalese rupees (roughly US$1,350[10]) away to couples who have an inter-caste marriage.[11] The recipients would have to claim the sum within 30 days of the marriage.[11] Republica, however, has reported that there was no "government assistance for Dalit women" who were left jilted by their upper-caste husbands.[11]
Notable incidents
2004 Saptari kidnapping
In January 2004, Manoj Khanga, a member of the Dalit community, and Parbati Raut, who were in an inter-caste wedding, were reportedly kidnapped by the bride's relatives.[12] Prior to that, the bride's family had filed a complaint in the police claiming that it the marriage was illegal. The couple were arrested but were released a few days later.[13] Subsequently, the Dalit community living in Saptari District, Nepal, was attacked by over 200 upper-caste people and were compelled to leave their village.[12] All of the property owned by Dalit communities was looted and vandalised (worth about est. 15 million Nepalese rupees).[12] The upper-caste community terrorized and told Khanga that they would "kill him in front of his family".[14] The case was sent to the Asian Human Rights Commission.[12]
Soti incident
In May 2020, two bodies of Dalit men were found in the Bheri River, a major tributary of the Karnali River.[15] The men were identified as Nabaraj BK and Tikaram Sunar. According to the Nepal police, 21-year-old BK with 18 others went to the Soti village in Chaurjahari to marry a 17-year-old girl. The villagers allegedly attacked the group and chased them to the river.[16] According to some villagers, the group was attacked because of their caste.[15] BK was a "lower-caste" man trying to marry an "upper-caste" girl. The girl's family, however, claimed that BK was trying to marry the underaged girl despite their refusal. BK had been in a relationship with the girl for three years and wanted to marry her.[17] United Nations Mission in Nepal called for an unbiased examination of the incident.[18]
Notable inter-caste marriages
- Former Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai (Brahmin) and Hisila Yami (Newar)[19]
- Pop singer Nalina Chitrakar (Newar) and Sanjeev Mishra (Madhesi)[20]
- Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli (Brahmin) and Rashika Shakya (Newar)[21]
Inter-caste marriage in film
- Pandra Gate (1986), starring Hari Bansha Acharya and Sharmila Malla[22]
- Bato Muni Ko Phool (2010), starring Rekha Thapa and Yash Kumar.[23]
- Ghampani (2017), starring Dayahang Rai and Keki Adhikari[24]
Inter-caste marriage in literature
- Sumnima, a novel by B. P. Koirala[25]
See also
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web; Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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