Английская Википедия:International Football Association Board

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The International Football Association Board (IFAB) is the body that determines the Laws of the Game of association football. IFAB was founded in 1886 to agree standardised Laws for international competition, and has since acted as the "guardian" of the internationally used Laws. Since its establishment in 1904, FIFA, the sport's top governing body, has recognised IFAB's jurisdiction over the Laws.

It is a separate body from FIFA, though FIFA is represented on the board and holds 50% of the voting power. As a legacy of association football's origins in the United Kingdom, the football associations of England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales each have permanent seats on the organisation. Amendments to the Laws require a three-quarter supermajority vote, meaning that FIFA's support is necessary but not sufficient for a motion to pass.

History

Establishment

Файл:1903 Laws of the Game.pdf

The Laws of the Game in 1903

Though the rules of football had largely been standardised by the early 1880s, the four football associations of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland still each had slightly different rules. When international matches were played, the rules of the home team's national association were used. While this solution was workable, it was hardly ideal. To remedy this, the then football associations of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland met at the International Football Conference on 6 December 1882 in Manchester, in order to set forth a common set of rules that could be applied to matches between the UK football associations' national teams.

In the summer of 1885, the English FA legalised professionalism. The Scottish FA responded that it would refuse to allow professionals in its own national team, and would refuse to play international matches against an England team containing professionals. The Irish FA attempted to mediate by proposing that "an international conference should be held each year, say, in August, to be called in turn by each national association to deal with the laws of the game, and discuss other matters of interest to Association football, and at which international disputes could be adjusted".

First meeting

The first meeting of IFAB took place at the FA's offices at Holborn Viaduct in London on Wednesday 2 June 1886. The FA, SFA, FAW and IFA each had equal voting rights.

Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the international organising body for the sport, was formed in Paris in 1904 and declared that, regarding the Laws of the Game itself, they would enforce the rules laid down by IFAB. In 1912, FIFA requested that its representatives be included in IFAB. At a special meeting held in January 1913 in Wrexham, IFAB agreed to FIFA's request. The first regular IFAB meeting to include FIFA occurred in June 1913. Each association (including FIFA) was entitled to send two representatives, with a four-fifths majority required to change the laws (thus the UK associations could still change the laws against FIFA's wishes if they all voted together). One more meeting of IFAB was held, in Paris in 1914, before regular meetings were curtailed by the First World War.

Post–war

For the first four post-war IFAB meetings (1920, 1921, 1922, and 1923), FIFA was once again excluded, on account of a dispute between FIFA and the home nations. From 1924, once the dispute had been resolved, FIFA once again attended IFAB meetings. In 1958, the Board agreed on its current voting system.

Since Irish partition in 1921, the IFA has evolved to become the organising body for football in Northern Ireland, with football in the Republic of Ireland being organised by the FAI. A request for the FAI to become a member of IFAB was denied at the 1923 annual general meeting.

Operations

Membership

The IFAB is made up of representatives from England's Football Association (The FA), the Scottish Football Association (SFA), the Football Association of Wales (FAW) and Northern Ireland's Irish Football Association (IFA)—and the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA, the International Association Football Federation), the international governing body for football. Each British association has one vote and FIFA has four. IFAB deliberations must be approved by three-quarters of the vote, or at least six of the eight votes. Thus, FIFA's approval is necessary for any IFAB decision, but FIFA alone cannot change the Laws of the Game—they need to be agreed by at least two of the UK members. As of 2016, all members must be present for a binding vote to proceed.

Permanent members

Member	Association
Шаблон:Flag	Football Association
Шаблон:Flag	Scottish Football Association
Шаблон:Flag	Irish Football Association
Шаблон:Flag	Football Association of Wales
Файл:Flag of FIFA.svg FIFA

Meetings of the board

The Board meets twice a year, once to decide on possible changes to the rules governing the game of Football (the Annual General Meeting (AGM)) and once to deliberate on its internal affairs (the Annual Business Meeting (ABM)). In FIFA World Cup years, the AGM is held at FIFA's offices; otherwise, it rotates between Northern Ireland, Wales, England and Scotland in that order. Four weeks before the AGM, the member associations must send their written proposals to the secretary of the host association. FIFA then prints a list of suggestions that are distributed to all other associations for examination. The AGM is held either in February or March and the ABM is held between September and October. In cases of necessity, the Board can meet in a Special Meeting in addition to the two ordinary annual meetings. As of December 2012, the last Special Meeting was hosted by FIFA in Zürich on 5 July 2012.

The decisions of each year's Annual General Meeting of the Board regarding changes to the Laws of the Game enter into force from 1 July (and are binding on FIFA and on the other members of the Board, and, given that FIFA's Statutes establish that FIFA and its member associations and affiliates adhere to the Laws of the Game laid down by IFAB, those changes bind also FIFA's other member associations, FIFA's continental confederations of member associations, and the subnational entities of the national associations) but confederations, member associations and other bodies whose current season has not ended by 1 July may delay the introduction of the adopted alterations to the Laws of the Game in their competitions until the beginning of their next season. As well as permanent changes to the Laws, IFAB also authorises trials of potential amendments.

List of IFAB Annual General Meetings

Year	Date	Host	Location	Venue	Votes						Notes / references
					FA	SFA	FAW	IFA	FIFA	Required to amend laws
1886	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap 51 Holborn Viaduct	2	2	2	2	0	100%	First meeting
1887	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap 6 Carlton Place							First meeting to amend the Laws of the Game
1888	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Wynnstay Arms Hotel
1889	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Commercial Hotel
1890	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Anderton's Hotel
1891	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Alexandra Hotel
1892	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Prince of Wales Hotel
1893	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Hotel Shaftesbury							Date of subsequent meetings fixed to be the third Monday in June.
1894	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Ferry Hotel
1895	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Alexandra Hotel
1896	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	White Horse Hotel
1897	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Mourne Hotel
1898	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Football Association Offices, 61 Chancery Lane
1899	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	St. Enoch's Station Hotel
1900	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Royal Hotel
1901	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	tejas hotel also
1902	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Grand Hotel
1903	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Station Hotel							Date of subsequent meetings moved to the second Saturday in June.
1904	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	British Hotel
1905	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Lake Hotel							First meeting to be held outside today's United Kingdom.
1906	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Royal Hotel
1907	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Alexandra Hotel
1908	19–20 June	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Rock Hotel
1909	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Great Northern Hotel
1910	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Royal York Hotel
1911	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Station Hotel
1912	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Queen's Hotel
1913	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Northern Counties Hotel	2	2	2	2	2	80%	First meeting to include FIFA
1914	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Hotel Palais D'Orsay							First meeting held outside Britain and Ireland. Last meeting before the First World War.
1920	12–14 June	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Torbay Hotel	2	2	2	2	0	100%	First meeting after the First World War. FIFA again excluded.
1921	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Portpatrick Hotel
1922	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Imperial Hotel
1923	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Causeway Hotel							Last meeting to exclude FIFA
1924	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Football Association Offices, 42 Russell Square	2	2	2	2	2	80%
1925	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	11 Rue de Londres
1926	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Grand Hotel
1927	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Grand Hotel
1928	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Slieve Donard Hotel
1929	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Fédération Française de Football Association Offices, 22 Rue de Londres
1930	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Royal Exeter Hotel
1931	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Gleneagles Hotel
1932	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Imperial Hotel
1933	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Northern Counties Hotel							Rules amended to allow FIFA-hosted meetings to take place in "the territory of a Continental National Association", rather than being restricted to Paris.
1934	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Hôtel des Anglais
1935	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Daish's Hotel
1936	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Marine Hotel
1937	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Imperial Hotel
1938	11 & 13 June	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Northern Counties Hotel
1939	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Hotel Negresco							Last meeting held before World War II. A meeting was scheduled for London in 1940, but was abandoned when FIFA and IFA delegates were unable to attend.
1947	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Imperial Hotel							First meeting held after World War II.
1948	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Palace Hotel							First meeting held outside Britain, Ireland and France. Meeting would have regularly been hosted by the SFA, but it was unanimously agreed to accept an invitation from FIFA to host this meeting.
1949	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Hydro Hotel
1950	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Bulkeley Arms Hotel
1951	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Northern Counties Hotel
1952	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Morgano-Tiberio Hotel							Date of future meetings moved to third Saturday in June.
1953	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Cavendish Hotel
1954	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Schweizerhof Hotel							The SFA agreed to forego its regularly scheduled hosting duties in order to allow FIFA to host the meeting at its 50th anniversary celebrations preceding the 1954 World Cup.
1955	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Marine Hotel
1956	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Imperial Hotel
1957	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Northern Counties Hotel
1958	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Hotel Foresta	1	1	1	1	4	75%	Meeting held on the day before the opening of the 1958 World Cup. New rules adopted, with greater voting weight given to FIFA "on behalf of all other National Associations in membership with it". Hosting rules changed to provide that "when the FIFA Congress and the World Cup coincide", FIFA should host the meeting at the World Cup venue, if practicable. Date of meeting may be any time in June.
1959	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Pomme d'Or Hotel							First of four consecutive meetings hosted by the FA outside England in the Channel Islands
1960	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Rusack's Marine Hotel
1961	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Seabank Hotel
1962	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Slieve Donard Hotel
1963	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Palazzo della Camera di Commercio
1964	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Grand Hotel
1965	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Caledonian Hotel
1966	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Marine Hotel
1967	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Slieve Donard Hotel							Last meeting hosted by the IFA for 13 years. The IFA withdrew from its regular hosting schedule during the 1970s owing to the "Troubles" in Northern Ireland.
1968	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Hotel Excelsior
1969	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Grand Hotel
1970	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Caledonian Hotel
1971	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Dragon Hotel
1972	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Parkhotel Schönbrunn							FIFA stepped in to replace the IFA.
1973	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Duke of Richmond Hotel
1974	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Hotel Bachmair							Meeting held two days after the final of the 1974 World Cup in nearby Munich. First meeting not held in June.
1975	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Gleneagles Hotel
1976	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Seabank Hotel
1977	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Royal Garden Hotel							The IFA withdrew from hosting this meeting.
1978	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Hotel Sheraton							First meeting outside Europe. Held on the opening day of the 1978 World Cup.
1979	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Gleneagles Hotel
1980	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Culloden Hotel
1981	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Ruthin Castle							IFAB had accepted an invitation by FIFA President João Havelange to host this meeting in Brazil, but the invitation was subsequently withdrawn, with Havelange missing this meeting for personal reasons.
1982	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Palacio de Congresos							Meeting held the day after the final of the 1982 World Cup
1983	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Chewton Glen Hotel
1984	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Turnberry Hotel
1985	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Culloden Hotel
1986	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Camino Real Hotel							First (and, as of 2020, only) meeting in North America. Originally scheduled to be held in Zürich, but moved to Mexico in connection with the 1986 World Cup.
1987	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Bodysgallen Hall
1988	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Royal Lancaster Hotel
1989	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Caledonian Hotel
1990	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Hilton Cavalieri Hotel							Held during the 1990 World Cup
1991	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Culloden Hotel
1992	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Celtic Manor Hotel							New rules adopted by IFAB: in future years there will be two annual meetings: the Annual General Meeting, held in February / March, and the Annual Business Meeting in September / October.
1993	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Hanbury Manor
1994	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	FIFA House
1995	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Turnberry Hotel
1996	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Copacabana Palace Hotel							Last meeting held outside Europe (as of 2020). Originally scheduled to be hosted by the IFA in Northern Ireland, but moved to Brazil at the instigation of outgoing FIFA President João Havelange.
1997	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Culloden Hotel
1998	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Hôtel Plaza Athénée
1999	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Miskin Manor Hotel
2000	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Cliveden
2001	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Balmoral Hotel
2002	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Hôtel Mont Cervin
2003	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Culloden Hotel
2004	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Claridge's Hotel							Hosted in London by FIFA as part of its centenary celebrations, to celebrate the role of the four Home Associations in the development of the game.
2005	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Miskin Manor Hotel
2006	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Palace Hotel							120th anniversary.
2007	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Lowry Hotel
2008	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Gleneagles Hotel
2009	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Slieve Donard Hotel
2010	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	FIFA headquarters
2011	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	Celtic Manor Hotel
2012	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Pennyhill Park Hotel
2013	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Balmoral Hotel
2014	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	FIFA headquarters
2015	Шаблон:Nowrap–Шаблон:Nowrap	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Culloden Hotel
2016	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Шаблон:Nowrap	St. David's Hotel and Spa							130th Anniversary.
2017	Шаблон:Dts	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Wembley Stadium
2018	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	FIFA headquarters
2019	Шаблон:Dts	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Marcliffe Hotel
2020	Шаблон:Dts	IFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Culloden Hotel
2021	Шаблон:Dts	FAW	Meeting held by videoconference	N/A
2022	Шаблон:Dts	FIFA	Meeting held by videoconference	N/A
2023	4 March	FA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Wembley Stadium
2024	2 March	SFA	Шаблон:Nowrap	Cameron House

External links

• Шаблон:Official website
• History of IFAB, including minutes of the meetings Soccer South Bay Referee Association
• FIFA/IFAB paper on the role of the IFAB FIFA