Английская Википедия:Interstate 11

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Infobox road Interstate 11 (I-11) is an Interstate Highway that currently runs for Шаблон:Convert on a predominantly northwest–southeast alignment in the U.S. state of Nevada, running concurrently with U.S. Route 93 (US 93) between the Arizona state line and Henderson. The freeway is tentatively planned to run from Nogales, Arizona, to the vicinity of Reno, Nevada, generally following the current routes of I-19, I-10, US 93, and US 95. Planners anticipate upgrading two existing highway segments to carry future I-11: US 93 in Arizona from Wickenburg to the Nevada state line on the Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge over the Colorado River and US 95 in Nevada from the Las Vegas Valley to Tonopah. In 2024, officials will begin replacing I-515 signs in Las Vegas with I-11 signs and adding I-11 signs on US 95 north of Downtown Las Vegas, which will extend I-11 northward about Шаблон:Convert. An extension of the Interstate northward along US 95 to Mercury, Nevada, is planned after that. An exact alignment for I-11 has yet to be determined outside of these sections; a number of corridor alternatives, however, have been identified for further study and refinement. The building of I-11 in Arizona is also facing local opposition from conservation groups.

As originally proposed in the 2012 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act, the highway would run only from Casa Grande, Arizona, to Las Vegas. This was to provide a Las Vegas–Phoenix freeway link. Extensions of the corridor to the north toward Reno and to the south toward Nogales, however, have since been approved by the 2015 Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act).

The numbering of this highway does not currently fit within the usual conventions of the existing Interstate Highway grid as it is east of I-15 and should therefore have a number greater than 15. I-17, however, was already built to the east of the I-11 alignment in Arizona, making it impossible to fit this freeway's Interstate number into the national grid and remain within the traditional numbering convention. I-11 being extended along US 95 through Las Vegas and crossing over I-15 will remedy this situation since it will put a portion of I-11 west of I-15 and thus in line with the national grid numbering conventions.

The 80th session of the Nevada Legislature passed a bill designating the entire route of I-11 in the state as the Purple Heart Highway, which went into effect on July 1, 2019.

Route description

The highway currently begins at the Arizona state line on the Hoover Dam Bypass, then runs along the Шаблон:Convert Boulder City Bypass around Boulder City, which opened on August 9, 2018. It is signed concurrently with US 93 throughout. At mile 14, I-11 intersects and joins with US 95 heading north. Continuing northwest, the highway runs along a former Шаблон:Convert section of I-515 around Henderson before currently ending at the Henderson Spaghetti Bowl interchange with I-215 and State Route 564 (SR 564).

Файл:I-11 Shield.jpg

I-11 sign in Henderson with US 93/US 95 shields in 2018

I-11 will be extended through the Las Vegas Valley along the existing alignments of I-515/US 93/US 95 to Downtown Las Vegas, then running concurrently with US 95 northwest to SR 157. When this segment is designated, I-515 will be decommissioned. Studies to extend I-11 from SR 157 northward to Mercury were started in late 2023.

History

As recently as 1997, US 93 was mostly a two-lane road between Wickenburg and Hoover Dam and was known for its dangerous curves and hills in the stretch between Wickenburg and I-40. In the late 1990s, the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) began widening US 93 to four lanes and, in some areas, building a completely new roadway. In other places along the route, ADOT simply repaved the old highway and built two new lanes parallel to it. ADOT also began studying the possibility of adding grade separations to US 93 near the Santa Maria River to make the road a full freeway.

At the same time, Nevada and Arizona began looking at US 93's crossing of Hoover Dam, a major bottleneck for regional commerce, with hairpin turns, multiple crosswalks for pedestrians, and steep grades. Plans for a bridge to bypass the dam became even more urgent when the road was closed to trucks after the September 11 attacks in 2001, forcing commercial traffic to detour through Bullhead City, Arizona, and Laughlin, Nevada, causing major transport delays as a result.

With the completion of the Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge on October 14, 2010, the vast majority of the roadway is now a four-lane divided highway. Still, with Phoenix and Las Vegas as the two largest neighboring cities in the U.S. not connected by Interstate Highway, leaders in both cities lobbied to include I-11 in the next Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century reauthorization. With the rise of the concept of "megapolitan" urban regions, I-11 is considered a key connector to unify the triangle formed by Las Vegas, Phoenix, and the Los Angeles area (the triangle consisting of I-15 to the north/west, I-10 to the south and I-11 on the east). The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) approved the Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT)'s environmental review of a bypass around Boulder City, which would connect the end of the recently constructed Hoover Dam Bypass bridge east of Boulder City to I-515 west of the town.

In December 2013, the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, researchers discovered naturally occurring asbestos in the route of the Boulder City bypass. Containing the asbestos and monitoring the surrounding air to keep workers safe was estimated to cost at least an additional $12 million (equivalent to $Шаблон:Formatprice in Шаблон:Inflation/yearШаблон:Inflation/fn). Work was completed without any Occupational Safety and Health Administration incidents, with 14,000 air samples taken during the construction.

On March 21, 2014, "Future I-11 Corridor" signs were installed along the US 93 corridor. On May 21, 2014, NDOT submitted an application to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) to request the creation of the I-11 designation between the Arizona state line and the I-215/I-515 Interchange in Henderson. AASHTO approved this request at their Spring 2014 Special Committee on US Route Numbering meeting, contingent on FHWA approval. On August 16, 2017, the first southbound segment was opened to traffic, with its accompanying northbound segment opening on January 27, 2018. On February 20, 2018, NDOT opened additional ramps connecting the new Railroad Pass Casino Road to both the Boulder City Parkway (formerly US 93 and US 95) and to I-11 (southbound exit and northbound entrance). The final portion of Phase 1, between the new casino access road and US 95, opened on May 23, 2018. On August 9, 2018, Phase 2 was opened to traffic, officially completing the Boulder City Bypass.

Phase 2, which began construction on April 6, 2015, was expected to open by October 2018; in May 2018, however, the Regional Transportation Commission of Southern Nevada announced that the section would be open by June 2018, three months ahead of schedule. That opening date was subsequently pushed back to August 9, 2018, as it was still in the post-construction stage. In March 2019, NDOT replaced I-515 signs along its southernmost Шаблон:Convert stretch with I-11 signs.

In July 2022, NDOT decided to route I-11 along the existing alignments of I-515/US 93/US 95 to Downtown Las Vegas, then running concurrently with US 95 northwest to SR 157 rather than use I-215 or construct a new corridor as had been proposed, but abandoned due to local opposition. NDOT will begin replacing I-515 shields with I-11 shields in this area in 2024 and planned to finish adding I-11 shields all the way through the Las Vegas Valley by the end of the year. This will extend I-11 northward about Шаблон:Convert and eliminate the I-515 designation.

Beginning in 2022, several construction projects have been started or planned to improve the I-515 corridor, which will eventually become I-11. The projects include soundwall and retaining wall reconstruction, bridge rehabilitation, and interchange improvements. All the projects are expected to be started by 2027.

Current status

Шаблон:As of, the only completed sections of I-11 are the Hoover Dam Bypass, the Boulder City Bypass, and a former Шаблон:Convert section of I-515. This will change once I-11 signage is added along the US 95 corridor through Las Vegas in 2024. An extension to Mercury has also been planned. The Nevada portion of the original I-11 corridor is a full freeway that meets current Interstate Highway standards from the Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge on US 93 to the northwest of Las Vegas on US 95. While the bulk of US 93 through Arizona has been widened to four lanes, some portions of the corridor are not built to Interstate Highway standards, as there are scattered at-grade intersections, substandard roadway and shoulder widths, median crossovers, and other deficiencies. Part of these dual roadways are repaved, restriped sections of very old parts of US 93. Farther south, a direct system interchange with US 93 and I-40 is planned to eliminate the bottleneck at Beale Street in western Kingman. The first phase of construction, planned to begin in 2024 and finish in 2026, will construct direct connectors from westbound I-40 to northbound US 93 and from southbound US 93 to eastbound I-40. The remaining movements between US 93 and I-40 will continue to use the existing Beale Street interchange until traffic demands warrant and the second phase can be funded.

Шаблон:As of, Phase 4 of the project is under construction. The US 93 Corridor Improvement Project will finish what was started in 1998 and connect the four sections of the divided highway to Wickenburg, allowing more traffic on these congested roads. Up north, a direct interchange with I-40 and US 93 is planned. This will eliminate the existing Cedar Hills interchange to allow a better flow of traffic directly onto US 93 from I-40. US 93 will be cosigned as I-11 once it is built to Interstate standards.

Funding

The funding bill for the U.S. Department of Transportation, which replaced stopgaps that expired on June 30, 2012, officially designated I-11. This bill sped up funding for studying, engineering, and possibly building the highway. The Arizona State Legislature passed a law in 2009 that allowed private investors to team up with ADOT. In July 2012, Nevada's Transportation Board awarded $2.5 million (equivalent to $Шаблон:Formatprice in Шаблон:Inflation/yearШаблон:Inflation/fn) in contracts to a team of consultants to study I-11's feasibility and its environmental and economic consequences.

Tucson extension plans

Officials in Pima County, Arizona, supported an extension of the planned I-11 from Casa Grande, which would wrap southwest of the Tucson Mountains before meeting with I-19 in Sahuarita, south of Tucson, and continuing east to I-10. Over 800 residents signed a petition opposing that west-side bypass because it would impact the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Saguaro National Park, and Ironwood Forest National Monument. They recommended that I-11 be concurrent with existing I-10 route through Tucson. The additional segment would create the Tucson bypass route identified as a critical need by ADOT based upon I-10 traffic projections. In 2019, the draft tier 1 environmental impact statement selected the Tucson bypass route as the recommended corridor alternative, with the corridor parallel to I-10 until Casa Grande and a connection to I-10 in Marana. Although seen as beneficial to some people, the plan to build I-11 in Arizona as a whole is still receiving pushback and conservation groups are currently suing the FHWA over the construction of the route.

Northern Nevada extension plans

The proposal to extend I-11 to the Reno area was supported by both of Nevada's U.S. Senators, Harry Reid and Dean Heller, as well as the rest of Nevada's delegation to the U.S. Congress. Heller stated that connecting the Phoenix area with Las Vegas and Northern Nevada would "spur long-term economic development, create jobs and bolster international trade". The 2015 FAST Act gave Congressional approval to the proposed extensions in Nevada and Arizona but not to extensions north of I-80.

The Reno City Council was informed of potential I-11 corridor plans in March 2018. These include a route through Yerington that roughly parallels SR 208 until just before the Topaz Lake area, then takes a new route into Gardnerville and Minden before meeting up with current I-580 in Carson City, which it follows to its terminus of I-80 in Reno. The other potential corridors stick closer to US 95, with one following US 95 Alternate (US 95 Alt.) through Silver Springs to meet I-80 in Fernley, while another would take a new route east of Silver Springs to Fernley, meeting current US 50 Alt. west of Fallon, which would then go to I-80 in Fernley. Another proposed route would go east of Mina and Luning and go north through Salt Wells before meeting US 95 north of Fallon, which then meets I-80 farther north. Other minor alterations to these routes were also shown.

Long-term corridor plans

I-11 was previously projected to serve as an Intermountain West part of the U.S.'s long-term CANAMEX Corridor transportation plans, with potential extensions south from Casa Grande to the Sonoran border, and north from Las Vegas through northern Nevada (potentially passing through Reno or Elko) and onward through either eastern Oregon–Washington or western Idaho before terminating at the Canadian border. Шаблон:As of, I-11 is projected to become the Intermountain West Corridor, extending from Phoenix and Las Vegas through Reno to the Pacific Northwest via central or eastern Oregon and central Washington to the Canada–U.S. border. Feasibility studies for these corridor extensions began in July 2013 and were published in November 2014.

Exit list

Old exits on I-11 were formerly exits on I-515 numbered according to US 95 mileposts. Шаблон:Jcttop Шаблон:Jctint Шаблон:Jctbridge Шаблон:Jctint Шаблон:NVint Шаблон:NVint Шаблон:NVint Шаблон:NVint Шаблон:NVint Шаблон:NVint Шаблон:NVint Шаблон:NVint Шаблон:NVint Шаблон:Jctbtm

See also

• Шаблон:Portal-inline
• Шаблон:Portal-inline
• Шаблон:Portal-inline

External links

• I-11 and Intermountain West Corridor Study
• I-11 within the Las Vegas Valley
• I-11 from the Las Vegas Valley to I-80
• Tucson Bypass Шаблон:Webarchive, Pima County government study
• Route map from the Phoenix Business Journal
• Sonoran Institute's Proposed Interstate 11 Analysis: Casa Grande to the Mike O’Callaghan-Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, 2014