Английская Википедия:Inuvialuktun

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language Шаблон:Infobox ethnonym

Inuvialuktun (part of Western Canadian Inuit/Inuktitut/Inuktut/Inuktun) comprises several Inuit language varieties spoken in the northern Northwest Territories by Canadian Inuit who call themselves Inuvialuit.[1] Some dialects and sub-dialects are also spoken in Nunavut.[2][3]

Distribution and varieties

Файл:Inuit languages and dialects.svg
Map of Inuit languages and dialects

Inuvialuktun is spoken by the Inuit of the Mackenzie River delta, Banks Island, part of Victoria Island and the Arctic Ocean coast of the Northwest Territories – the lands of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region. It was traditionally subsumed under a broader Inuktitut.[4] Rather than a coherent language, Inuvialuktun is a politically motivatedШаблон:Citation needed grouping of three quite distinct and separate varieties. It consists of Sallirmiutun (formerly Siglitun; Inuvialuktun proper), the Kangiryuarmiutun dialect of Inuinnaqtun on Victoria Island in the East and the Uummarmiutun dialect of Iñupiaq around Inuvik and Aklavik in the West.[5][6]

Inuvialuktun, Inuinnaqtun and Inuktitut constitute three of the eleven official languages of the Northwest Territories.[7] Inuinnaqtun is also official alongside Inuktitut in Nunavut.[8]

The Inuvialuktun dialects are seriously endangered,[9] as English has in recent years become the common language of the community. Surveys of Inuktitut usage in the NWT vary, but all agree that usage is not vigorous. According to Statistics Canada's 2016 Census 680 (22%) of the 3,110 Inuvialuit speak any form of Inuktitut, and 550 (18%) use it at home.[10] Considering the large number of non-Inuit living in Inuvialuit areas and the lack of a single common dialect among the already reduced number of speakers, the future of the Inuit language in the NWT appears bleak.

Файл:Inuvialuktun Dialect Map.svg
Map of Inuvialuktun dialects spoken across the Canadian Arctic

History

Before the 20th century, the Inuvialuit Settlement Region was primarily inhabited by Siglit Inuit, who spoke Siglitun, but in the second half of the 19th century, their numbers were dramatically reduced by the introduction of new diseases. Inuit from Alaska moved into traditionally Siglit areas in the 1910s and 1920s, enticed in part by renewed demand for furs from the Hudson's Bay Company. These Inuit are called Uummarmiut – which means people of the green trees – in reference to their settlements near the tree line. Originally, there was an intense dislike between the Siglit and the Uummarmiut, but these differences have faded over the years, and the two communities are thoroughly intermixed these days.

Phonology

Шаблон:Main The phonology of Inuvialuktun and other Inuit languages can be found at Inuit phonology.

Most Inuit languages have fifteen consonants and three vowel qualities (with phonemic length distinctions for each). Although Inupiatun and Qawiaraq have retroflex consonants, retroflexes have otherwise disappeared in all the Canadian and Greenlandic dialects.

Writing system

Inuvialuktun and Inuinnaqtun are written in a Latin alphabet and have no tradition of Inuktitut syllabics.[11] However, the dialects spoken in Nunavut, east of the Inuinnaqtun region use syllabics.[2]

Dialects

The Inuvialuktun dialects are seriously endangered, as English has in recent years become the common language of the community. Surveys of Inuktitut usage in the NWT vary, but all agree that usage is not vigorous. According to the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre, only 10% of the roughly 4,000 Inuvialuit speak any form of Inuktitut, and only 4% use it at home. Statistics Canada's 2001 Census report is only slightly better, reporting 765 self-identified Inuktitut speakers out of a self-reported Inuvialuit population of 3,905. Considering the large number of non-Inuit living in Inuvialuit areas and the lack of a single common dialect among the already reduced number of speakers, the future of the Inuit language in the NWT appears bleak.

From east to west, the dialects are:

The Inuvialuk dialects spoken in Nunavut (that is, Iglulingmiut, Aivilingmiutut, Kivallirmiutut, and eastern Natsilingmiutut) are often counted as Inuktitut, and the government of the NWT only recognizes Inuinnaqtun and Inuvialuktun. In addition, Uummarmiutun, the dialect of the Uummarmiut which is essentially identical to the Inupiatun dialect spoken in Alaska and so considered an Inupiat language, has conventionally been grouped with Inuvialuktun because it's spoken in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region of the NWT. Uummarmiutun is found in the communities of Inuvik and Aklavik.

Example phrases

English Inuvialuktun pronunciation
Hello Atitu Шаблон:IPA
Good Bye Ilaannilu/Qakugulu Шаблон:IPA / Шаблон:IPA
Thank you Quyanainni Шаблон:IPA
You are welcome Amiunniin Шаблон:IPA
How are you? Qanuq itpin? Шаблон:IPA
I am fine Nakuyumi/Nakuyumi assi Шаблон:IPA
Good morning Ublaami Шаблон:IPA
Yes Ii Шаблон:IPA
No Naaggai Шаблон:IPA
It's cold! Brrr! Alaappa! Шаблон:IPA
*Gasp*
(an expression used when alarmed or fearful)		 Alii Шаблон:IPA
See you later Anaqanaallu Шаблон:IPA
Wow/Awesome Aqqali Шаблон:IPA
Listen! Ata! Шаблон:IPA
See you, too Ilaanniptauq Шаблон:IPA
It is like this Imaaniittuaq Шаблон:IPA
Like this Imanna Шаблон:IPA
Whose? Kia? Шаблон:IPA
Who is this? Kina una? Шаблон:IPA
Where? Nani?/Naung?/Sumi? Шаблон:IPA / Шаблон:IPA / Шаблон:IPA
Where are you from? Nakinngaaqpin?/Sumiutauvin? Шаблон:IPA / Шаблон:IPA}
How much does it cost? Qanuq akitutigivaa? Шаблон:IPA
How old is he/she? Qanuq ukiuqtutigiva? Шаблон:IPA
What do you call it? Qanuq taivakpiung? Шаблон:IPA
What is the time? Sumukpaung? Шаблон:IPA
What for? Suksaq? Шаблон:IPA
Why? Or how come? Suuq? Шаблон:IPA
What? Suva?/Suna? Шаблон:IPA~Шаблон:IPA
Doesn't matter/It is ok Sunngittuq Шаблон:IPA
What are you doing? Suvin? Шаблон:IPA
It can't be helped! Too bad. Qanurviituq! Шаблон:IPA
in fact, actually Nutim Шаблон:IPA
Do it again! Pipsaarung! Шаблон:IPA
Go ahead and do it Piung Шаблон:IPA
It is cold out! Qiqauniqtuaq Шаблон:IPA
Christmas Qitchirvik Шаблон:IPA
Candy Uqummiaqataaq Шаблон:IPA
Play music Atuqtuuyaqtuaq Шаблон:IPA
Drum dancing Qilaun/Qilausiyaqtuaq Шаблон:IPA / Шаблон:IPA
Church Angaadjuvik Шаблон:IPA
Bell Aviluraun Шаблон:IPA
Jewels Savaqutit Шаблон:IPA
Eskimo ice cream Akutuq Шаблон:IPA
That's it! Taima! Шаблон:IPA
Siglitun Inuvialuktun snow terms[12] English meaning
Apiqaun first snow layer in autumn that stays
Apusiqqaun first fall of snow
Aqiuyaq small, fresh snowdrift
Masak waterlogged snow
Mauyaa deep, soft snow
Minguliruqtuaq blowing wet snow
Piangnaq good snow conditions for sledge travel

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Eskimo-Aleut languages Шаблон:Languages of Canada

Шаблон:Authority control

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Криптовалюты
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Разное

  1. ↑ Inuvialuktun Dialects
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Iñuvialuktun/Inuvialuktun/Inuinnaqtun / ᐃᓄᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᓐ
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web and Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ see Official Languages Act, RSNWT 1988, c. O-1, s. 1 in its original version ("Inuktitut" includes Inuvialuktun and Inuinnaqtun).
  5. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок ICC не указан текст
  6. ↑ CBC North Inuvik: Tusaavik with Dodie Malegana (radio programme on demand).
  7. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок OLA-NT не указан текст
  8. ↑ Official Languages Act, S.Nu. 2008, c. 10, s. 3(1) with Inuit Language Protection Act, S.Nu. 2008, c. 17, s. 1(2).
  9. ↑ UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
  10. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Statistics не указан текст
  11. ↑ Harper, Kenn. Current Status of Writing Systems for Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun and Inuvialuktun. [Yellowknife, N.W.T.]: Northwest Territories, Culture and Communications, 1992.
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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