Английская Википедия:Invasive species in New Zealand

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use New Zealand English Шаблон:Use dmy dates A number of introduced species, some of which have become invasive species, have been added to New Zealand's native flora and fauna. Both deliberate and accidental introductions have been made from the time of the first human settlement, with several waves of Polynesian people at some time before the year 1300, followed by Europeans after 1769.

Almost without exception, the introduced species have been detrimental to the native flora and fauna, but some, such as farmed sheep and cows and the clover upon which they feed, now form a large part of the economy of New Zealand. Registers and lists of species that are invasive, potentially invasive, or a threat to agriculture or biodiversity are maintained by Biosecurity New Zealand.

Файл:Clematis vitalba smothering a Cordyline australis.jpg

Clematis vitalba (old man's beard) smothering a cabbage tree (Cordyline australis) in the Port Hills of Christchurch

Animal species

Шаблон:More citations needed Many invasive animal species are listed in schedules 5 and 6 of the Wildlife Act 1953. Those in Schedule 5 have no protection and may be killed. Those in Schedule 6 are declared to be noxious animals and subject to the Wild Animal Control Act 1977. In 2016 the New Zealand government introduced Predator Free 2050, a project to eliminate all non-native predators (such as rats, possums and stoats) by 2050.

Some of the invasive animal species are as follows.

Mammals

• Brown rat or Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus)
• Black rat (Rattus rattus)
• Kiore (Polynesian rat)
• Cat
• Chamois
• Common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
• Dog
• European hare
• European hedgehog
• European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
• Fallow deer
• Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
• Goat
• Himalayan tahr
• Horse (Equus ferus caballus)
• House mouse (Mus musculus)
• Pig
• Stoat (Mustela erminea)
• Wallaby
• Red deer
• Sika deer
• Rusa deer
• Sambar deer
• Whitetail deer
• Wapiti (elk)
• Least weasel

Reptiles

• Plague skink or rainbow skink (Lampropholis delicata)

Birds

• Australian magpie
• Canada goose
• Cirl bunting
• Common myna
• Common redpoll
• Common starling
• Dunnock
• European goldfinch
• European greenfinch
• Mallard
• Mute Swan
• Rainbow lorikeet
• Rook
• Yellowhammer

Fish

• Koi
• Gambusia affinis
• Common rudd
• Catfish
• Brown trout

Invertebrates

• Argentine ant (Linepithema humile)
• Asian paddle crab (Charybdis japonica)
• Asian paper wasp (Polistes chinensis)
• Australian paper wasp (Polistes humilis)
• Carpet sea squirt (Didemnum vexillum)
• Common wasp (Vespula vulgaris)
• European paper wasp (Polistes dominula)
• German wasp (Vespula germanica)
• Varroa mite (Varroa destructor)

Spiders

• Шаблон:As of there are 73 known introduced spiders, of which 50 are Australian, including

• Philoponella congregabilis
• The redback, Latrodectus hasselti, thought to have arrived with a steel shipment in the 1980s

Plant and other non-animal species

The National Pest Plant Accord, with a listing of about 120 genus, species, hybrids and subspecies, was developed to limit the spread of plant pests. Invasive plants are classified as such on a regional basis with some plants declared as national plant pests. The Department of Conservation also lists 328 vascular plant species as environmental weeds.

Some of the better-known invasive plant species are: Шаблон:Div col

• Acacia species (mostly Australian) especially wattle
• Acanthus - bear's breeches
• Agapanthus
• Arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia)
• Arundo donax - giant reed (or elephant grass)
• Asiatic knotweed (Reynoutria japonica or Fallopia japonica)
• Banana passionfruit
• Blackberry
• Boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera)
• Boxthorn (Lycium ferossimum)
• Broom (Cytisus scoparius)
• Buckthorn (Rhamnus alaternus)
• Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense)
• Cape sundew (Drosera capensis)
• Cape tulip
• Castor oil plant (Ricinus communis)
• Christmasberry (Schinus terebinthifolius)
• Climbing asparagus (Asparagus scandens)
• Darwin's barberry (Berberis darwnii)
• Didymosphenia geminata ("didymo" or "rock snot")
• Field horsetail (Equisetum arvense)
• Glyceria maxima, also called Poa aquatica
• Gorse (Ulex europaeus)
• Heather (Calluna vulgaris)
• Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
• Jasmine (Jasminum polyanthum)
• Kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum)
• Lantana camara
• Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)
• Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica)
• Lupin
• Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia)
• Mexican daisy (Erigeron karvinskianus)
• Mexican devil (Ageratina adenophora)
• Mile-a-minute (Dipogon lignosus)
• Mistflower (Ageratina riparia)
• Morning glory (Convolvulus)
• Moth plant (Araujia sericifera)
• Old man's beard (Clematis vitalba)
• Oxygen weed (Egeria)
• Oxygen weed (Lagarosiphon major)
• Pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana)
• Privet
  • Tree privet (Ligustrum lucidum)
  • Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense)
• Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
• Queen of the night (Cestrum nocturnum)
• Ragwort
• Rhododendron ponticum
• Royal fern (Osmunda regalis)
• Salix cinerea (gray willow)
• Salix × fragilis (crack willow)
• Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium)
• Smilax (Asparagus asparagoides)
• Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus)
• Tradescantia fluminensis
• Water pennywort (Hydrocotyle umbellata)
• Woolly nightshade (Solanum mauritianum)
• Yellow flag (Iris pseudacorus)

The city of Auckland has been declared to be the weediest city in the world.

See also

• Fauna of New Zealand
• Invasive species of New Zealand origin

Animals in New Zealand

• Gypsy moths in New Zealand
• Painted apple moth in New Zealand

Plants in New Zealand

• Blue morning glory in New Zealand
• Wilding conifer

Further reading

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• Biosecurity New Zealand, government agency
• Official New Zealand Pest Register – searchable database at the Ministry for Primary Industries
• Pests and threats, Department of Conservation
• Information on plant pests at Weedbusters

Publications

• Шаблон:Citation
• Шаблон:Citation