Английская Википедия:Ira Remsen

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox scientist Ira Remsen (February 10, 1846 – March 4, 1927) was an American chemist who discovered the artificial sweetener saccharin along with Constantin Fahlberg. He was the second president of Johns Hopkins University.

He was the founder of the American Chemical Journal, which he edited from 1879 to 1914.

Early life

Файл:Ira Remsen 1926.jpg

Portrait of Dr. Ira Remsen, painted by Ira Mallory Remsen in 1926.

Ira Remsen was born in New York City on February 10, 1846. He is the son of James Vanderbelt Remsen (1818–1892) and Rosanna Secor (1823–1856). He married Elisabeth Hilleard Mallory on April 3, 1875, in New York City, New York. They had two children together. Their son, Ira Mallory Remsen (1876–1928), became a playwright living in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.

Remsen earned an M.D. from the New York Homeopathic Medical College in 1865. He subsequently studied chemistry in Germany, studying under chemist Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig, receiving a PhD from University of Göttingen in 1870.

Career

In 1872, after researching pure chemistry at University of Tübingen, Remsen returned to the United States and became a professor at Williams College, where he wrote the popular text Theoretical Chemistry. Remsen's book and reputation brought him to the attention of Daniel Coit Gilman, who invited him to become one of the original faculty of Johns Hopkins University. Remsen accepted and founded the department of chemistry there, overseeing his own laboratory. In 1879, Remsen founded the American Chemical Journal, which he edited for 35 years.

In 1879 Fahlberg, working with Remsen in a post-doctoral capacity, made an accidental discovery that changed Remsen's career. Eating rolls at dinner after a long day in the lab researching coal tar derivatives, Fahlberg noticed that the rolls tasted initially sweet but then bitter. Since his wife tasted nothing strange about the rolls, Fahlberg tasted his fingers and noticed that the bitter taste was probably from one of the chemicals in his lab. The next day at his lab he tasted the chemicals that he had been working with the previous day and discovered that it was the oxidation of o-toluenesulfonamide he had tasted the previous evening. He named the substance saccharin and he and his research partner Remsen published their finding in 1880. Later Remsen became angry after Fahlberg, in patenting saccharin, claimed that he alone had discovered saccharin. Remsen had no interest in the commercial success of saccharin, from which Fahlberg profited, but he was incensed at the perceived dishonesty of not crediting him as the head of the laboratory. Fahlberg would soon grow wealthy, while Remsen merely grew irritated, believing he deserved credit for substances produced in his laboratory. In a letter to Scottish chemist William Ramsay, Remsen commented, "Fahlberg is a scoundrel. It nauseates me to hear my name mentioned in the same breath with him."

Throughout his academic career, Remsen was known as an excellent teacher, rigorous in his expectations but patient with the beginner. "His lectures to beginners were models of didactic exposition, and many of his graduate students owe much of their later success in their own lecture rooms to the pedagogical training received from attendance upon Remsen's lectures to freshmen."

He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1879.

In 1901 Remsen was appointed the president of Johns Hopkins, where he proceeded to found a School of Engineering and helped establish the school as a research university. He introduced many of the German laboratory techniques he had learned and wrote several important chemistry textbooks. In 1912 he stepped down as president, due to ill health, and retired to Carmel, California.

In 1923 he was awarded the Priestley medal.

Death

He died on March 4, 1927, in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. His ashes are interred behind a plaque in the chemistry building on the Homewood campus at Johns Hopkins University.

Legacy

After his death, the new chemistry building, completed in 1924, was named after him at Johns Hopkins. His ashes are located behind a plaque in Remsen Hall; he is the only person buried on campus.

His Baltimore house was added to the National Register of Historic Places and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975.

Remsen Hall in Queens College is also named for him.

Remsen Award

In 1946, to commemorate the centenary of Remsen, the Maryland chapter of the American Chemical Society, began awarding the Remsen award, in his honor. Awardees are frequently of the highest caliber, and included a sequence of 16 Nobel laureates between 1950 and 1980.

Recipients

• 1946: Roger Adams
• 1947: Samuel C. Lind
• 1948: Elmer V. McCollum
• 1949: Joel H. Hildebrand
• 1950: Edward C. Kendall Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1951: Hugh Stott Taylor
• 1952: W. Mansfield Clark
• 1953: Edward L. Tatum Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1954: Vincent du Vigneaud Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1955: Willard F. Libby Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1956: Farrington Daniels
• 1957: Melvin Calvin Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1958: Robert B. Woodward Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1959: Edward Teller
• 1960: Henry Eyring (chemist) Файл:Wolf prize icon.svg
• 1961: Herbert C. Brown Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1962: George Porter Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1963: Harold C. Urey Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1964: Paul Doughty Bartlett
• 1965: James R. Arnold
• 1966: Paul H. Emmett
• 1967: Marshall W. Nirenberg Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1968: Har Gobind Khorana
• 1969: Albert L. Lehninger
• 1970: George S. Hammond
• 1971: George C. Pimentel Файл:Wolf prize icon.svg
• 1972: Charles H. Townes Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1973: Frank H. Westheimer
• 1974: Elias J. Corey Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg Файл:Wolf prize icon.svg
• 1975: Henry Taube Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1976: William N. Lipscomb Jr. Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1977: Ronald Breslow
• 1978: John Charles Polanyi Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1979: Harry B. Gray Файл:Wolf prize icon.svg
• 1980: Roald Hoffman Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1981: Koji Nakanishi
• 1982: Harden McConnell Файл:Wolf prize icon.svg
• 1983: George M. Whitesides
• 1984: Earl L. Muetterties
• 1985: Richard N. Zare
• 1986: Gilbert Stork Файл:Wolf prize icon.svg
• 1987: Stephen J. Lippard
• 1988: Mildred Cohn
• 1989: K. Barry Sharpless Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg Файл:Wolf prize icon.svg
• 1990: Robert G. Bergman Файл:Wolf prize icon.svg
• 1991: Rudolph A. Marcus Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 1992: William Klemperer
• 1993: Christopher T. Walsh
• 1994: Edward I. Solomon
• 1995: Alfred G. Redfield
• 1996: David A. Evans
• 1997: William Hughes Miller
• 1998: Peter Dervan
• 1999: Шаблон:Ill
• 2000: Alexander Pines Файл:Wolf prize icon.svg
• 2001: Ad Bax
• 2002: Шаблон:Ill
• 2003: Henry F. Schaefer III
• 2004: Samuel Danishefsky
• 2005: Judith P. Klinman
• 2006: Gabor A. Somorjai Файл:Wolf prize icon.svg
• 2007: Шаблон:Ill
• 2008: John C. Tully
• 2009: Jean Frechet
• 2010: John T. Groves
• 2011: Graham R. Fleming
• 2012: Daniel G. Nocera
• 2013: Eric Jacobsen
• 2014: Emily A. Carter
• 2015: JoAnne Stubbe
• 2016: Charles M. Lieber Файл:Wolf prize icon.svg
• 2017: Robert H. Grubbs Файл:Nobel prize medal.svg
• 2018: Chad Mirkin
• 2019: Catherine J. Murphy
• 2020: Tom W. Muir

Further reading

• Шаблон:Cite journal

External links

• Ira Remsen: The Chemistry was Right
• The History of African-Americans at The Johns Hopkins University.
• Шаблон:Biographical Memoirs
• Papers of Ira Remsen