Английская Википедия:Iran–Iraq–Syria pipeline
Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox pipeline The Iran–Iraq–Syria pipeline (called the Friendship Pipeline by the governments involved and the Islamic gas pipeline by some Western sources[1]) is a proposed natural gas pipeline running from the Iranian South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field towards Europe via Iran, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon to supply European customers as well as Iraq, Syria and Lebanon.[2] The pipeline was planned to be Шаблон:Convert long and have a diameter of Шаблон:Convert.[2] A previous proposal, known as the Persian Pipeline, had seen a route from Iran's South Pars to Europe via Turkey; it was apparently abandoned after the Swiss energy company Elektrizitätsgesellschaft Laufenburg halted its contract with Iran in October 2010 in the face of pressure over U.S. sanctions against Iran.[3][4]
Iraq signed an agreement with Iran in June 2013 to receive natural gas to fuel Iraqi power plants in Baghdad and Diyala. The contract covers Шаблон:Convert per day over 10 years. Iran's plans to export Шаблон:Convert of gas per day at standard conditions to Iraq by 2015.[5]
In July 2011 Iran, Iraq and Syria said they planned to sign a contract potentially worth around $6bn to construct a pipeline running from South Pars towards Europe, via these countries and Lebanon and then under the Mediterranean to a European country, with a refinery and related infrastructure in Damascus.[2][6][7][8] In November 2012 the United States dismissed reports that construction had begun on the pipeline, saying that this had been claimed repeatedly and that "it never seems to materialize."[9] A framework agreement was to be signed in early 2013, with costs now estimated at $10bn;[10] construction plans were delayed by the Syrian civil war.[11] In December 2012 the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies said that the project "remains doubtful. It is not clear how such a project will be financed given that both Iran and Syria are subject to strict financial sanctions."[12] In July 2015, Iranian Gas Engineering and Development Company (IGEDC) and Pasargad Energy Development Company signed a BOT (build-operate-transfer) contract under which the project owner will provide 25% of finance and National Development Fund of Iran the rest for the construction of IGAT-6.Шаблон:Citation needed
The pipeline would be a competitor to the Nabucco pipeline from Azerbaijan to Europe.[2] It is also an alternative to the Qatar–Turkey pipeline which had been proposed by Qatar to run from Qatar to Europe via Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria and Turkey.[13] Syria's rationale for rejecting the Qatar proposal was said to be "to protect the interests of [its] Russian ally, which is Europe's top supplier of natural gas."[13]
See also
References
- ↑ naturalgaseurope.com, 11 February 2013, Some Reasons to Materialize Iran, Iraq, and Syria's Gas Pipeline
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 UPI, 25 July 2011, 'Islamic pipeline' seeks Euro gas markets
- ↑ SRF Tagesschau, 29 October 2010, EG Laufenburg legt Gas-Deal mit Iran auf Eis
- ↑ Jerusalem Post, 26 January 2011, Swiss adopt EU sanctions on Teheran
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Mansour Kashfi, Asia Times Online, 7 June 2012, Iran's Islamic pipeline a mad man's dream
- ↑ Iran, Syria Finalize Agreement on New Gas Pipeline
- ↑ Wall Street Journal, 25 July 2011, Iraq, Iran, Syria Sign $10 Billion Gas-Pipeline Deal
- ↑ UPI, 20 November 2012, U.S. brushes off Iran-Iraq-Syria gas line
- ↑ Agence France-Presse, Hürriyet Daily News, 19 February 2013, Iraq greenlights gas pipeline deal with Iran, Syria
- ↑ Christian Science Monitor, 27 August 2013, US destroyers near Syria. Oil market likely to shrug off a strike.
- ↑ Hakim Darbouche, Laura El-Katiri and Bassam Fattouh (2012), Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, East Mediterranean Gas: what kind of a game-changer?, NG17, December 2012, p17
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 Nafeez Ahmed, The Guardian, 30 August 2013, Syria intervention plan fueled by oil interests, not chemical weapon concern
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