Английская Википедия:Iris danfordiae
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Speciesbox
Iris danfordiae, the dwarf iris or Danford iris, is a bulbous perennial plant in the genus Iris, it is classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Reticulatae. It is from Turkey in Asia. It has 2 gray-green or bluish green, thick leaves, short slender stem holding a scented flower, in shades of yellow. They are spotted olive-green or green and have a deep yellow or orange crest.
Description
Iris danfordiae has a narrowly ovoid,[1] bulb,[2] with whitish netted coats.[3]
It has 2 leaves (per bulb),[3][4] Шаблон:Convert tall.[5] They are linear,[6] four-angled in cross section,[4][7] and gray-green,[6] or bluish green.[3] The leaves sometimes appear together with the flowers,[6] and sometimes after the flowers.[4]
It has a slender stem, that can grow up to between Шаблон:Convert tall.[4][5][6] They hold 1 flower each.[3][6]
It is one of the first reticulata irises to bloom,[8][9] even blooming through the snow.[10] In early spring,[2][5] between January,[5] and March.[7]
It has fragrant (scented of honey,[8]) flowers,[11] in shades of yellow.[12] From bright yellow,[8][13][14] deep yellow,[6] to orange.[7] The flowers are Шаблон:Convert in diameter.[6]
Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[15]Шаблон:Rp The falls are spathulate (spoon shaped),[6] and spotted olive-green,[6][7] or green.[4][9][14] In the centre of the falls is a deep yellow or orange crest.[12][8] The standards are vert short,[6][12] in some cases just bristles.[4][14]
Later after flowering, it produces a seed capsule.[6]
Genetics
As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[15]Шаблон:Rp It was counted in 1959 by Randolph & Mitra as 2n=27, then in 1997 by Johnson & Brandham as 2n=18 and 27.[1][12]
Taxonomy
It is pronounced as (Iris) EYE-ris (aphylla) dan-FORD-ee-ay (danfordiae).[13] It is commonly known as dwarf iris,[16] buttercup Iris,[13] or Danford's iris.[13][7][17]
This species was introduced from Cilicia,[18] Turkey in 1876, by Mrs C. G. Danford (an English plant hunter of the Asia minor regions).[14][19]
It was first published and described as Xiphion danfordiae Baker and described by John Gilbert Baker in J. Bot. Vol.14 n page 265 in 1876.[1] It was then reclassified and published as Iris danfordiae by Pierre Edmond Boissier in 'Fl. Orient.' Vol.5 on page 124 in July 1882.[20][18]
Iris danfordiae is an accepted name by the RHS,[21] and it was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 23 January 1989, then updated on 2 December 2004.[22]
Distribution and habitat
It is native to temperate Asia,[22] mainly Asia Minor.[7]
Range
It grows in the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey.[8][4][12]
Habitat
It grows on exposed dry rocky and sunny slopes, at the edges of coniferous forests or woods,[12] close to the snowline.[6][4] It is normally found at an altitude of Шаблон:Convert above sea level.[6][4]
Cultivation
It is cold hardy,[12] to between USDA Zones 5 - 9.[16][7][13] It is sometimes deemed less reliably perennial than other bulbs.[9]
It prefers to grow in neutral to alkaline soils, which are high in potassium and phosphate. It prefers sandy and well drained soils both in summer and winter.[10] It prefers positions in full sun.[6][13]
It is suitable for a rock or gravel garden or front of border.[23]
During mild season the bulb and plant is susceptible to slug damage.[4]
Propagation
It can be propagated by division or by seed growing. Seeds are best grown by collecting dry, mature seed capsules, and sowing the seeds.[13]
Division, is carried out by lifting the main bulb and splitting into many bulblets,[4] that (once replanted) can take many years to reach flowering size.[4][24] This is best carried out when the foliage has died down.[25]
The bulbs should be planted deeply to flower reliably in later seasons.[8]
Hybrids and cultivars
Iris danfordiae has the following cultivars: 'Atilla', 'Bornmülleri', 'Danfordiae Hort'.[1]
Toxicity
Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[13][26]
References
Other sources
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource on www.skud.info). 2012 (Kulturvaxtdatabas)
- Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988 (F Turk)
- Mathew, B. The Iris. 1981 (Iris) 173-174.
External links
Шаблон:Commons category-inline Шаблон:Wikispecies-inline Шаблон:Taxonbar
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Kelly D. Norris Шаблон:Google books
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,00 4,01 4,02 4,03 4,04 4,05 4,06 4,07 4,08 4,09 4,10 4,11 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 6,00 6,01 6,02 6,03 6,04 6,05 6,06 6,07 6,08 6,09 6,10 6,11 6,12 6,13 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 7,5 7,6 Donald Wyman Шаблон:Google books
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 8,5 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 Christine Skelmersdale Шаблон:Google books
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Diana Beresford-Kroeger Шаблон:Google books
- ↑ Martyn Cox Шаблон:Google books
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 12,5 12,6 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 13,5 13,6 13,7 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 14,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ John Greenlee Шаблон:Google books
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокplantlistне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокgrinне указан текст - ↑ Leah Chester-Davis Шаблон:Google books
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ David Squire Шаблон:Google books
- ↑ David G Spoerke and Susan C. SmolinskeШаблон:Google books
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