Английская Википедия:Iris stolonifera

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Iris stolonifera is a plant species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris, and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Turkestan, between Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. It has red-skinned stolon roots and rhizomes, glaucous, long, blue-grey leaves, and bi-coloured flowers, in various shades from milky white, to blue, purple, pale lilac, lavender and brown. It normally has blue to yellow beards on all the petals.

Description

It has a rhizome, that in the spring,[1] sends out thin,[2] and long,[3] (up to Шаблон:Convert long,[4][5]) secondary roots (or stolons),[5] which have a red skin.[1][2][4] At the end of each stolon, it forms a new rhizome,[1][5] creating widespread colonies of plants.[1] Other 'Regelia section' irises also have stolons.[6] Also Iris japonica, Iris prismatica and Iris henryi produce stolons.[5]

It has dark blue-green,[2][7] or glaucous leaves.[8][9] They are sword-shaped,[8][9][10] and Шаблон:Convert long,[11] and 0.8 cm to 2 cm wide.[4][7][12] They are prominently veined,[7] and semi-evergreen, disappearing after summer,[3] after the blooming period is over.[10]

It has a stem, that can grow up to between Шаблон:Convert tall,[13][14][15] or Шаблон:Convert tall.[8][9][10]

The stem has (scarious) membranous, spathes or bracts (leaves of the flower bud), which are Шаблон:Convert long.[4][8][9]

The stems hold 2–3 terminal (top of stem) flowers,[4][13][16] blooming in late spring,[7][11][12] between April and June,[4][8] or May,[1][3] or between May and June.[17][18]

The scented,[2] flowers are Шаблон:Convert in diameter.[4][7][12]

They are variable in colour,[3][5][13] normally bi-coloured,[19] ranging from milky white, to blue, to purple, (or pale lilac,[15] or lavender,[6]) and brown.[3][5][13] They normally have a blue (or pale lilac,[15][20]) centre with a brown,[4][12][13] or reddish-bronze,[10][15][17] or yellow margin.[6]

It has two pairs of petals, three large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and three inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[17] The falls are Шаблон:Convert long,[7][9] and Шаблон:Convert wide.[4] The standards are Шаблон:Convert long,[7][8] and Шаблон:Convert wide.[4] Each petal has a beard.[1] Which is also variable, normally blue,[11][16] or yellow,[21] or between blue and yellow,[3][22][23] Also lilac,[18] and cream beards have been found.[4]

It has a brown,[13] 2.5 cm long perianth tube, which is funnel shaped. It has 3 cm long styles, which are variable in colour. It has cream or blue coloured pollen.[4]

After the iris has flowered, between May and July,[8] it produces an oblong seed capsule,[8][9] that is Шаблон:Convert long.[4][8][9] It is slightly inflated,[8][9] and tapers at both ends.[4] Inside the capsule, are light brown seeds that have thick white aril (coatings).[4][19]

Genetics

As most irises, this species is diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[17] It has a chromosome count: 2n=44.[3][13][19]

Taxonomy

Файл:Iris stolonifera-IMG 6672.JPG

It has the common names of 'Pamiriris'.[2][24][25]

It is known as 'Pobegonosy Iris' in Russia.[8][9]

The Latin specific epithet stolonifera derives from its thin stolon-like roots.[1][3][13] (See description for more details.)

It was first collected by Olga Fedtschenko in around 1870,[26]

It was first published and described by Karl Maximovich in the 'Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg' Vol.26 on page 535 in 1880.[6][27] It was also published in 'Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg' (Diagn. pl. nov. asiat. or 'Diagnoses Plantarum Asiaticarum') Vol. 10 on page 731 in 1880.[24]

It was also published with an illustration in Curtis's Botanical Magazine 7861 in 1902,[7] and in Hort. Vol. 7 Issue 8 page 191 on 15 April 1929.[6]

Iris stolonifera is an accepted name by the RHS,[28] and it was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 2 October 2014.[24]

Distribution and habitat

Файл:Iris stolonifera-IMG 2185.jpg

Iris stolonifera is native to temperate areas of central Asia.[3][23][24]

Range

It is found in the mountain ranges of the Pamir Alai (or Alay),[3][7][23] (including the Gissar Range,[29] and Saravschan Range,[20][30]). which passes through the former Russian (or Soviet),[7][12] country of Turkestan.[17][19] (including near Bokhara,[1][8][16])

It is also found in Tajikistan,[4][5][24] (from the city of Dushanbe,[10] to Uzbekistan,[3][18][24] (including near the city of Samarkand[8][10][29] near the Baysun ridge,[8] and in the 'Kitab Zapovednik' (Geoological) reserve in the Kashkadarya Province,[31]) and in Afghanistan.[3][5][13]

Habitat

It grows on dry rock slopes,[5][8][13] along dry creeks,[21] and upland meadows.[18][20]

One reference (Flora of S.S.S.R.) mentions wet meadows and stream sides,[12] also mentioned by the British Iris Society Guide,[4] but herbarium specimens do not support this habitat,[12] also the other irises in the Regelia section are also mountainside irises.

They can be found at an altitude of Шаблон:Convert above sea level.[3][12][13]

Cultivation

It is very cold hardy,[5][13] to USDA Zone 5,[14] or between Zone 5 to Zone 8.[11][20] It is also hardy in Europe to Zone H3.[7] In very cold areas, such as Russia, the plant may die out after 2 or 3 years.[10]

It prefers to grow in well-drained soils,[3][4][11] which are rich in humus.[20] It can tolerate soils with a ph level of 6.8.[30]

It prefers positions in full sun.[3][4][20] It needs a dormant dry period (or drought) during the summer.[2][4][11]

The plants are not tolerant of winds.[10]

In non-hardy places, it is best grown in a bulb frame.[4] It can be also grown in rock garden.[20]

The plants should be planted at a depth of 2 inches,[11] in October.[1]

It is thought to be one of the easiest 'Regelia' section irises to cultivate,[5] as it is more adaptable and vigorous than others.[13]

Hybrids and cultivars

Iris stolonifera has been crossed with Iris korolkowii to create different coloured hybrids that have dark brown or deep blue beards. It has been crossed with other irises but did not produce very suitable crosses.[1]

There are several different cultivars, including [4] 'Chocolate',[32] 'Decorated Blue Beard', 'Decorated Delight', 'Decorated Giant', 'George Barr', 'Here I Am', 'Leichtlini', 'Merlin's Magic',[6] 'Network',[32] 'Real Harmony', 'Red, White, And Blue', 'Conical', 'Turkish Dancer', 'Turkish Delight', 'Vaga',[6] and 'Zwanenburg Beauty'.[6][28]

'Zwanenburg Beauty' has blue (or blue white [33]) flowers that are edged in bronze [11] and have bronze veins.[33] It grows to a height of between Шаблон:Convert tall.[33] It has lilac shading on the falls.[33] The beard is bronze-red [11] or cream-white.[33]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

  • Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn – ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
  • Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR).
  • Dykes, The Genus Iris, page 126, 1913
  • Khassanov, F. O. & N. Rakhimova. 2012. Taxonomic revision of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae Juss.) for the flora of Central Asia. Stapfia 97:177.
  • Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 64.

External links

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 3,11 3,12 3,13 3,14 Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4,00 4,01 4,02 4,03 4,04 4,05 4,06 4,07 4,08 4,09 4,10 4,11 4,12 4,13 4,14 4,15 4,16 4,17 4,18 4,19 4,20 4,21 British Iris Society (1997) Шаблон:Google books
  5. ↑ 5,00 5,01 5,02 5,03 5,04 5,05 5,06 5,07 5,08 5,09 5,10 Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6 6,7 Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ 7,00 7,01 7,02 7,03 7,04 7,05 7,06 7,07 7,08 7,09 7,10 James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) Шаблон:Google books
  8. ↑ 8,00 8,01 8,02 8,03 8,04 8,05 8,06 8,07 8,08 8,09 8,10 8,11 8,12 8,13 8,14 Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 9,5 9,6 9,7 9,8 Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 10,4 10,5 10,6 10,7 Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 11,5 11,6 11,7 11,8 Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 12,5 12,6 12,7 Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ 13,00 13,01 13,02 13,03 13,04 13,05 13,06 13,07 13,08 13,09 13,10 13,11 13,12 Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 15,3 Шаблон:Cite book
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 16,2 Шаблон:Cite book
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 17,2 17,3 17,4 Шаблон:Cite book
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 18,3 Basak Gardner & Chris Gardner Шаблон:Google books
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 19,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
  20. ↑ 20,0 20,1 20,2 20,3 20,4 20,5 20,6 Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ 23,0 23,1 23,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ 24,0 24,1 24,2 24,3 24,4 24,5 Шаблон:GRIN
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  28. ↑ 28,0 28,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ 29,0 29,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ 30,0 30,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
  31. ↑ Gustave Gintzburge Шаблон:Google books
  32. ↑ 32,0 32,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ 33,0 33,1 33,2 33,3 33,4 Шаблон:Cite web
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