Шаблон:Short descriptionШаблон:Pp-pc1Шаблон:RedirectIron oxide red is a generic name of a ferric oxide pigment of the red color. Multiple shades based on both anhydrousШаблон:Chem and its hydrates were known to painters since prehistory. The pigments were originally sourced from natural sources, since the 20th century they are mostly synthetic. These substances form one of the most commercially important groups of pigments, and their names sometimes reflect the location of a natural source, later transferred to the synthetic analog. Well-known examples include the Persian Gulf Oxide with 75% Шаблон:Chem and 25% silica, Spanish red with 85% of oxide, Tuscan red. Шаблон:Sfn
The anhydrous pigment has a dark purple-red or maroon color, hydrates' colors vary from dull yellow (yellow ochre) to warm red.Шаблон:Sfn
The iron oxide red is extremely stable: it is not affected by light and most chemicals (soluble in hot concentrated acids); heat only affects the hydrated variants (the water is removed, and the color darkens).Шаблон:Sfn
Chestnut is a colour similar to but separate and distinct from Indian red.
Etymology
The name Indian red derives from the red laterite soil found in India, which is composed of naturally occurring iron oxides.Шаблон:Cn The first recorded use of Indian red as a color term in English was in 1672.[2]
Deep Indian red is the colour originally called Indian red from its formulation in 1903 until 1999, but now called chestnut, in Crayolacrayons. This colour was also produced in a special limited edition in which it was called Vermont maple syrup.
At the request of educators worried that children (mistakenly; see Etymology) believed the name represented the skin color of Native Americans, Crayola changed the name of their crayon color Indian Red to Chestnut in 1999.[3]
Indian red in culture
Railroads/Railways
The Talyllyn Railway painted their locomotives Talyllyn and Dolgoch Indian Red in honour of the 150th anniversary of the line in 2015.[4]Файл:Furness Railway No 20.jpgFurness Railway Nº20, as restored today
The Furness Railway in the UK used Indian Red for its locomotive livery.
Venetian red is a light and warm (somewhat unsaturated) pigment that is a darker shade of scarlet, derived from nearly pure ferric oxide (Fe2O3) of the hematite type. Modern versions are frequently made with synthetic red iron oxide.
The first recorded use of Venetian red as a colour name in English was in 1753.[5]Шаблон:-
This red is a tone of Indian red, made like Indian red with pigment made from iron oxide.
The first recorded use of English red as a colour name in English was in the 1700s (exact year uncertain).[6] In the Encyclopédie of Denis Diderot in 1765, alternate names for Indian red included "what one also calls, however improperly, English Red."[7]
↑Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill p. 201; Color sample of Venetian red: p. 35 Plate 6 color sample I12
↑Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill p. 194; Color sample of English red: p. 31 Plate 4 color sample H12
↑Jaucourt, Louis, chevalier de. "Indian Red." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Abigail Wendler Bainbridge. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, 2013. Web. 1 Apr. 2015, <http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0003.009>. Trans. of "Rouge d'Inde," Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, vol. 14. Paris, 1765.
↑Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill p. 197; Color sample of Kobe: p. 35 Plate 6 color sample K12
↑Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill p. 204; Color Sample of Sienna: p. 37 Plate 7 Color Sample E12
