Английская Википедия:Isadore H. Bellis

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Isadore H. Bellis in 1964

Isadore Harry Bellis (born Izsak Belostotsky; March 15, 1920 – May 29, 2003) was a Democratic politician in Philadelphia. Known in his youth as a tennis star, he later became a successful lawyer and entered politics. He was elected to the Philadelphia City Council in 1963 and served there for three terms, rising to become majority leader in 1972.

In Bellis’s third term, allegations of corruption led to two convictions for bribery and malfeasance in office. He was defeated for a fourth term and retired to Florida, where he continued to appeal his convictions, never actually serving a day of his two-to-seven-year sentence. In 1984, the Pennsylvania Superior Court ordered that he be given a new trial, but the charges were dropped the following year as a main witness against him had died. Bellis died in Florida in 2003.

Early life and tennis

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Bellis was a top tennis player at Philadelphia's Central High School.

Bellis was born in 1920 in Yelisavetgrad in the Soviet Union (now Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine) to a Russian Jewish family, the son of Hersch Belostotsky and Rachel Levinsky Belostotsky.Шаблон:Sfn The family emigrated to the United States in 1923 and anglicized their surname from Belostotsky to Bellis.Шаблон:Sfn Bellis's father, now known as Harry Bellis, found work as a bank clerk in Philadelphia.Шаблон:Sfn Bellis learned to play tennis on the courts of Fairmount Park and attended Central High School.Шаблон:Sfn There, he became a top tennis player, winning the national boys outdoor championship in 1935 and the national boys indoor championship in 1936.Шаблон:Sfn He won the national boys doubles championship with partner Marvin Kantrowitz that same year.Шаблон:Sfn Bellis was also an outstanding table tennis player.Шаблон:Sfn

After high school, Bellis attended the University of Pennsylvania, where he was captain of the tennis team and continued to have success in the sport.Шаблон:Sfn He graduated in 1940 and played in the Pennsylvania Lawn Tennis Championships, an amateur tournament, where he was runner-up in 1940 and winner in 1941.Шаблон:Sfn He played in the U.S. National Championships, the predecessor to the US Open, in 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942, 1946, and 1948, but never advanced beyond the round of 32.Шаблон:Sfn

Law, business, and politics

Bellis continued his education at the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1942. He married Helen Koenigsberg while in school; they had three children—Arthur, Matthew, and Rachel—and would remain married until his death in 2003.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn With World War II raging, Bellis was drafted into the United States Army in August 1944, but was home again by December.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He graduated from law school in 1945 and clerked for Justice Horace Stern of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.Шаблон:Sfn While practicing law in Philadelphia for the firm of Bernstein & Bernstein, he also became involved with Democratic Party politics, becoming a committeeman in the 49th ward.Шаблон:Sfn Bellis ran for the Democratic nomination for Congress in 1952 in Pennsylvania's 6th district, but lost to Harrington Herr.Шаблон:Sfn He ran again in 1954, but dropped out shortly before the primary to endorse Alexander Hemphill.Шаблон:Sfn Bellis tried for the nomination once more in 1956, losing to Herbert J. McGlinchey, who had held the seat in the 1940s.Шаблон:Sfn A fourth try for the nomination in 1958 found Bellis finishing in a distant seventh place.Шаблон:Sfn In 1960, he was elected to a party position, chairman of the 49th Ward Democrats.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1956, he and Herbert F. Kolsby formed their own law firm, where his clients included the local branch of the Fraternal Order of Police.Шаблон:Sfn Lieutenant Governor John Morgan Davis joined the firm in 1959.Шаблон:Sfn In the early 1960s, Bellis joined a group of investors who formed a syndicate led by Barnard L. Sackett to distribute foreign films in the United States.Шаблон:Sfn He also served as a deputy state attorney general from 1958 to 1963.Шаблон:Sfn

City Council

Slumlords, schools, and stadiums

In 1963, Bellis tried once more for political office, entering a crowded Democratic primary for the 8th district City Council seat, which covered the city's northwest region. This time, backed by the party organization, Bellis was nominated easily.Шаблон:Sfn In the general election that fall, he scored a narrow victory over the Republican incumbent, Stanley B. Smullen.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Bellis's campaign had focused on the problem of slumlords, and in Council the next year he introduced a bill to increase the penalties for violations of the housing code.Шаблон:Sfn He also was a member of a City Council committee investigating and incident when a black police captain died after being refused admission to Philadelphia General Hospital in 1966.Шаблон:Sfn The question of a new, city-owned sports stadium was also hotly debated during Bellis's first term. He favored a domed stadium on a site on the Delaware River near Penn's Landing.Шаблон:Sfn The majority of councilmen disagreed, and the project eventually approved was the open-air Veterans Stadium in South Philadelphia.Шаблон:Sfn The Spectrum, a basketball and hockey arena, was also built on the site.

City Council redistricting moved Bellis's 49th ward to the 9th councilmanic district for the 1967 elections.Шаблон:Sfn After considering a run for mayor, he ran in his new district while the incumbent there, Henry P. Carr, entered the race for an at-large seat.Шаблон:Sfn He was unopposed in the primary but in the general election, Republicans put up their strongest challenge to the Democrats in years. Bellis managed another narrow victory, defeating his Republican opponent, law professor Martin Vinikoor, by just 1,047 votes out of a total of 81,701 total votes cast.Шаблон:Sfn

In the session of City Council that began in 1968, Bellis was named Democratic whip and chairman of the Law and Government Committee.Шаблон:Sfn That year, he clashed with school superintendent Mark Shedd over the district's plans to condemn homes in order to expand the Gen. David B. Birney School and Simon Gratz High School; the plans were eventually approved.Шаблон:Sfn He supported a plan to name a new high school in his district after Martin Luther King Jr., which was the name the school district eventually chose.Шаблон:Sfn The following year, debates over another school led to Bellis butting heads with School Board president (and former mayor) Richardson Dilworth.Шаблон:Sfn That year, he left his law firm to join a new one, which became known as Cohen, Bellis, and Verlin.

Bribery scandals

In 1969, Bellis testified before a grand jury investigating urban development corruption in the city, but was not charged with any crime.Шаблон:Sfn He testified again in 1970.Шаблон:Sfn One issue concerned an incident in which Bellis introduced a zoning variance in council for a planned restaurant in David Cohen's district, a breach of councilmanic prerogative that led to a fierce feud between the two Democrats.Шаблон:Sfn Cohen publicly alleged that Michael Grasso, a McDonald's franchisee, had bribed Bellis and Councilman William Cibotti to bring about the change in zoning.Шаблон:Sfn Grasso was the nephew of Philadelphia mob boss Angelo Bruno.Шаблон:Sfn

The controversy led to a primary challenge by insurance broker Daniel Zissman in the 1971 elections.Шаблон:Sfn Bellis won his primary easily, as did his fellow incumbents in a busy election.Шаблон:Sfn The general election was also not difficult, with Bellis defeating Republican Murray Dolfman by nearly two-to-one.Шаблон:Sfn After the election, he challenged George X. Schwartz for the job of President of City Council, but was outvoted and forced to be content with the position of majority leader.Шаблон:Sfn

Charges of influence-peddling followed Bellis into his third term in City Council. In 1973, District Attorney Arlen Specter launched an investigation into still more conflicts of interests, this time surrounding zoning changes for a housing development in Northeast Philadelphia in which Bellis had a concealed financial interest.Шаблон:Sfn A grand jury recommended his indictment for bribery in securing a no-bid contract for a concession at Philadelphia International Airport for ARA Services (a division of Aramark), accusing him of the "pursuit of private financial gain at the public expense."Шаблон:Sfn In addition to large campaign contributions, Bellis received ARA stock before agreeing to arrange the deal.Шаблон:Sfn Former councilman David Silver was also indicted by the same grand jury for similar offenses.Шаблон:Sfn

Trials

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Concessions at Philadelphia International Airport (pictured) were at the heart of Bellis’s corruption trials.

Bellis claimed innocence and refused to resign from office.Шаблон:Sfn His constituents began a recall effort against him, which Mayor Frank Rizzo supported, but the City Commissioners invalidated the efforts after finding that it fell short of signature requirements.Шаблон:SfnmШаблон:Sfn After a federal grand jury also began investigating the corruption, Belllis refused to surrender financial records from his former law firm, leading to contempt charges that he fought all the way to the Supreme Court. In 1974, the Court ruled in Bellis v. United States that the Fifth Amendment protections Bellis claimed did not extend to the firm's records.[1] He was then indicted by the federal grand jury for tax evasion.Шаблон:Sfn

On July 26, 1974, Bellis was found guilty of bribery and malfeasance in office after a trial in Philadelphia Municipal Court.Шаблон:Sfn Bellis proclaimed himself "the victim of a political vendetta" by Specter and appealed for a new trial in Common Pleas Court.Шаблон:Sfn After pressure intensified, he resigned his majority leader post in September, but remained on City Council.Шаблон:Sfn In November of that year, he stood trial in U.S. District Court for the federal tax evasion charges, but was found not guilty.Шаблон:Sfn

Despite his pending trials, Bellis filed for reelection in 1975. The city Democratic organization backed his primary challenger, Louis Johanson, an attorney and protégé of former Mayor James Tate.Шаблон:Sfn On April 25, Bellis was found guilty of bribery, misconduct in office, and election law violations in Common Pleas Court, after which he took a leave of absence from City Council.Шаблон:Sfn He remained on the primary ballot, but stopped campaigning and lost to Johanson by a wide margin.Шаблон:Sfn

Later life

Bellis was disbarred by the state Supreme Court, but federal charges for extortion were dropped in September 1975.Шаблон:Sfn The following year, a grand jury called for more charges on a different airport bribery scheme.Шаблон:Sfn Bellis was again found guilty.Шаблон:Sfn In October, he was finally sentenced for the 1975 conviction: he was given two years' probation and ordered to pay $9,000 in restitution.Шаблон:Sfn For the second verdict, he received a harsher sentence of two to seven years in prison, but remained free pending appeals.Шаблон:Sfn In 1980, the state Superior Court voided the conviction on the grounds that, since the jury had found him not guilty of extortion, they could not simultaneously find him guilty of lesser charges on those same facts.[2] The state Supreme Court reversed that decision in 1981, reinstating Bellis's convictions.Шаблон:Sfn

Eight years after his second conviction, Bellis was living in Tamarac, Florida, and still had not served any of his two to seven-year sentence.Шаблон:Sfn In yet another appeal in 1984, the Superior Court ruled that the trial judge had improperly instructed the jury in Bellis's 1976 case and ordered that he receive a new trial.Шаблон:Sfn The following year, Philadelphia District Attorney Ed Rendell dropped the charges rather than retry Bellis, noting that the length of time since the underlying offense and the death of a key witness would make it nearly impossible to convict.Шаблон:Sfn

No longer facing any jail time, Bellis requested a pardon for his first conviction in 1990, but was turned down by the Pennsylvania Board of Pardons.Шаблон:Sfn He petitioned the city several times to restore his pension, but to no avail.Шаблон:Sfn On May 29, 2003, he died in Florida at the age of 83.Шаблон:Sfn

References

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite court
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite court
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