Английская Википедия:Islamic honorifics
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Fiqh
Islam uses a number of conventionally complimentary phrases praising God (e.g., Шаблон:Transliteration), or wishing good things upon Muhammad or others considered prophets and chosen figures of God (e.g., Шаблон:Transliteration). These phrases are encompassed by a number of terms that may be referred to simply as Шаблон:Lang-ar, "prayers", Шаблон:Lang-fa, "greetings", or Шаблон:Lang-ur.
Applied to God
After mentioning one of the names of God, such as Allah, an expression of worship is used as opposed to the phrases of supplication used for regular individuals. These include:
| Arabic Шаблон:Hr Transliteration | Meaning | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Lang | Glorified and Exalted | (swt), (s.w.t.) |
| Шаблон:Transliteration | subhanah wataeala | sbnh wtela |
| Шаблон:Lang | Blessed and Exalted | (twt), (t.w.t.) |
| Шаблон:Transliteration | tabarak wataeala | tbark wtala |
| Шаблон:Lang | Prestigious and Majestic | (azwj), (a.z.w.j.) |
| Шаблон:Transliteration | az wajal | az wjl |
Applied to Muhammad and his family
| Arabic Шаблон:Hr Transliteration Шаблон:Hr Meaning | Usage | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Lang | This expression follows after naming prophets and messengers in Islam, companions in Sunni Islam and Imams in Shia Islam. | (as), (a.s.) |
| Шаблон:Transliteration | ||
| Peace be upon him | ||
| Шаблон:Lang | This expression follows after naming prophets and messengers, companions in Sunni Islam, Imams in Shia Islam. | (asws), (a.s.w.s.), (pbbuh), (p.b.b.u.h.) |
| Шаблон:Transliteration | ||
| Blessings and peace be upon him | ||
| Шаблон:Lang | This expression follows after naming Imams in Shia Islam or angels. The feminine version (Шаблон:Lang) is commonly used for historical Islamic women (e.g. Fatimah, Khadijah, Maryam, Asiya, Sarah, Eve, etc.). | (sa), (s.a.) |
| Шаблон:Transliteration | ||
| Peace of God be upon him | ||
| Шаблон:Lang | This expression follows specifically after uttering the name of Muhammad, although "peace be upon him" may be used instead. | (saw), (s.a.w.), (sa), (s.a.), (sm) (as a single character in Arabic Unicode ﷺ) |
| Шаблон:Transliteration | ||
| Blessings of God be upon him as well as peace | ||
| Шаблон:Lang | This expression follows specifically after uttering the name of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is used by all Muslims. | (saww), (s.a.w.w.), (saws), (s.a.w.s.), (saw), (s.a.w.), (sa), (s.a.), (pbuh), (p.b.u.h) |
| Шаблон:Transliteration | ||
| Blessings of God be upon him and his progeny and grant him peace | ||
| Шаблон:Lang | This expression follows specifically after uttering the name of Muhammad. It is more commonly used by Shia Muslims. | (sawa), (s.a.w.a.), (saww), (s.a.w.w.), (sa), (s.a.) |
| Шаблон:Transliteration | ||
| Blessings of God be upon him and his progeny | ||
| Шаблон:Lang | This expression is used when mentioning historic and contemporary Muslims. | (ra), (r.a.), (r.h)(rah), (r.a.h.), (raa), (r.a.a.) |
| Шаблон:Transliteration | ||
| God have mercy on him | ||
| Шаблон:Lang | This expression is used when mentioning the companions of Muhammad but sometimes used with other religious persons,[1] the feminine version Шаблон:Lang. | (ra), (r.a.) |
| Шаблон:Transliteration | ||
| God be pleased with him |
In the above, Шаблон:Lang-ar "upon him" may be replaced by Шаблон:Lang-ar "upon him and upon his family."
Usually, Шаблон:Transliteration or "blessings" is used exclusively for Muhammad to distinguish between him and other prophets (and Imams in Shia Islam), but theoretically, it is used for all prophets equally.
Scriptural and hadith basis for prayers upon Muhammad
Qur'ān
The honorifics for Muhammad are enjoined by Surat al-Ahzab: Шаблон:Blockquote
Hadith
Al-Tirmidhi recorded that Abu Hurairah said, "The Messenger of Allah said, 'May he be humiliated, the man in whose presence I am mentioned and he does not send Salaam upon me; may he be humiliated, the man who sees the month of Ramadan come and go, and he is not forgiven; may he be humiliated, the man whose parents live to old age and they do not cause him to be granted admittance to Paradise.Шаблон:'" Al-Tirmidhi said that this hadith was Шаблон:Transliteration, "good but only reported once".
In Шаблон:Transliteration, Шаблон:Transliteration, Шаблон:Transliteration and Шаблон:Transliteration, four of the six major hadith collections recorded that Abu Hurairah said, "The Messenger of Allah said: 'Whoever sends one Salaam upon me, Allah will send ten upon him.Шаблон:'"
Ahmad ibn Hanbal reported in his Шаблон:Transliteration that the Companion of Muhammad, Abu Talha ibn Thabit, said:
Al-Bayhaqi reports that Abu Hurairah said that Muhammad said, "Send the Salaam on Allah's messengers and prophets for Allah sent them as He sent me."
This point is further founded in the saying by Muhammad, "The miser is the one in whose presence I am mentioned, then he does not send the Salam upon me." This was recorded in Шаблон:Transliteration.
Salafi ruling on abbreviating prayers upon Muhammad
Scholars of the Salafi branch of Islam practised in Saudi Arabia have instructed their followers not to abbreviate the Шаблон:Transliteration upon Muhammad. For example, Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz, the Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia, said:
Applied to angels and prophets
Some honorifics apply to the archangels (Jibril, Mikhail, etc.) as well as any other Islamic prophets preceding Muhammad (Isa as, Musa as, Ibrahim as etc.). Group of modern scholars from Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Yemen, and Mauritania has issued fatwa that the angels should be invoked with blessing of Шаблон:Transliteration, which also applied to human prophets and messengers.[2] This fatwa was based on the ruling from Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya.[2]
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar)
- Translation: "Peace be upon him"
- Abbreviation: "AS"[3]
- Шаблон:Transliteration
- Translation: "On him are the blessings and the peace of Allah"
- Abbreviation: "ASW"
Applied to companions of Muhammad
Some honorifics are used after companions (Шаблон:Transliteration) of Muḥammad:
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar)
- Translation: "May Allāh be pleased with him"
- Abbreviation: "RA"
- Example: Шаблон:Transliteration
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar)
- Translation: "May Allāh be pleased with her"
- Example: Шаблон:Transliteration
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar)
- Translation: "May Allāh be pleased with both of them"
- Example: Шаблон:Transliteration
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar)
- Translation: "May Allāh be pleased with them"
- Example: Шаблон:Transliteration
Applied to enemies of Muhammad
Some honorifics are not used in the sense of "honoring" a person, and are instead used after the mention of the enemies (Шаблон:Lang-ar) of Muḥammad:
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar)
- Translation: "May the curse of Allāh be upon him"
- Example: Шаблон:Transliteration
Applied to scholars
Some honorifics apply to highly revered scholars and people thought to be of high spiritual rank who have died:
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar)/Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar)
- Abbreviation: "RH"
- Translation: "May Allah's mercy/ blessing be upon him"
- Example: Шаблон:Transliteration
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar)/Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar)
- Translation: "May Allah's mercy/ blessing be upon her"
- Example: Шаблон:Transliteration
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar)
- Translation: "May Allah's mercy/ blessing be upon them"
If a revered scholar is still alive, the following is custom:
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar)
- Abbreviation: "HA"
- Translation: "May Allah preserve him"
- Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang-ar)
- Abbreviation: "FA"
- Translation: "May Allah grant him relief"
Unicode
| Unicode | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UTF-8 Encoding | Symbol | Unicode Name | Transcription | Arabic | English |
ؑ
|
Шаблон:Huge | Arabic sign ALAYHE ASSALLAM | Шаблон:Transliteration | Шаблон:Lang | peace be upon him |
ؒ
|
Шаблон:Huge | Arabic sign RAHMATULLAH ALAYHE | Шаблон:Transliteration | Шаблон:Lang | God have mercy upon him |
ؓ
|
Шаблон:Huge | Arabic sign RADI ALLAHOU ANHU | Шаблон:Transliteration | Шаблон:Lang | God be pleased with him |
See also
References
