Английская Википедия:Isotopes of iridium

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox iridium isotopes There are two natural isotopes of iridium (77Ir), and 37 radioisotopes, the most stable radioisotope being 192Ir with a half-life of 73.83 days, and many nuclear isomers, the most stable of which is 192m2Ir with a half-life of 241 years. All other isomers have half-lives under a year, most under a day. All isotopes of iridium are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.[1]

List of isotopes

Шаблон:Isotopes table |- | 164Ir[2] | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 87 | 163.99220(44)# | <0.5 µs | p? | 163Os | 2−# | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 164mIr | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 270(110)# keV | rowspan=2| 70(10) µs | p (96%) | 163Os | rowspan=2| 9+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (4%) | 160mRe |- | 165Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 88 | 164.98752(23)# | Шаблон:Val[3] | p | 164Os | (1/2+) | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 165mIr[4] | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | ~255 keV | rowspan=2|340(40) µs | p (88%) | 164Os | rowspan=2|(11/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (12%) | 161mRe |- | rowspan=2|166Ir | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2|165.98582(22)# | rowspan=2|10.5(22) ms | α (93%) | 162Re | rowspan=2|(2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | p (7%) | 165Os |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 166mIr | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 172(6) keV | rowspan=2|15.1(9) ms | α (98.2%) | 162Re | rowspan=2|(9+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | p (1.8%) | 165Os |- | rowspan=3|167Ir | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 90 | rowspan=3|166.981665(20) | rowspan=3|35.2(20) ms | α (48%) | 163Re | rowspan=3|1/2+ | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | p (32%) | 166Os |- | β+ (20%) | 167Os |- | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 167mIr | rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 175.3(22) keV | rowspan=3|30.0(6) ms | α (80%) | 163Re | rowspan=3|11/2− | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β+ (20%) | 167Os |- | p (.4%) | 166Os |- | rowspan=2|168Ir | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 91 | rowspan=2|167.97988(16)# | rowspan=2|161(21) ms | α | 164Re | rowspan=2|(2-) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (rare) | 168Os |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 168mIr | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 50(100)# keV | 125(40) ms | α | 164Re | (9+) | | |- | rowspan=2|169Ir | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 92 | rowspan=2|168.976295(28) | rowspan=2|780(360) ms
[0.64(+46−24) s] | α | 165Re | rowspan=2|(1/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (rare) | 169Os |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 169mIr | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 154(24) keV | rowspan=2|308(22) ms | α (72%) | 165Re | rowspan=2|(11/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (28%) | 169Os |- | rowspan=2|170Ir | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 93 | rowspan=2|169.97497(11)# | rowspan=2|910(150) ms
[0.87(+18−12) s] | β+ (64%) | 170Os | rowspan=2|low# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (36%) | 166Re |- | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 170mIr | rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 160(50)# keV | rowspan=3|440(60) ms | α (36%) | 166Re | rowspan=3|(8+) | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β+ | 170Os |- | IT | 170Ir |- | rowspan=2|171Ir | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 94 | rowspan=2|170.97163(4) | rowspan=2|3.6(10) s
[3.2(+13−7) s] | α (58%) | 167Re | rowspan=2|1/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (42%) | 171Os |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 171mIr | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 180(30)# keV | 1.40(10) s | | | (11/2−) | | |- | rowspan=2|172Ir | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 95 | rowspan=2|171.970610(30) | rowspan=2|4.4(3) s | β+ (98%) | 172Os | rowspan=2|(3+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (2%) | 168Re |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 172mIr | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 280(100)# keV | rowspan=2|2.0(1) s | β+ (77%) | 172Os | rowspan=2|(7+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (23%) | 168Re |- | rowspan=2|173Ir | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96 | rowspan=2|172.967502(15) | rowspan=2|9.0(8) s | β+ (93%) | 173Os | rowspan=2|(3/2+,5/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (7%) | 169Re |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 173mIr | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 253(27) keV | rowspan=2|2.20(5) s | β+ (88%) | 173Os | rowspan=2|(11/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (12%) | 169Re |- | rowspan=2|174Ir | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 | rowspan=2|173.966861(30) | rowspan=2|7.9(6) s | β+ (99.5%) | 174Os | rowspan=2|(3+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (.5%) | 170Re |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 174mIr | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 193(11) keV | rowspan=2|4.9(3) s | β+ (99.53%) | 174Os | rowspan=2|(7+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (.47%) | 170Re |- | rowspan=2|175Ir | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 98 | rowspan=2|174.964113(21) | rowspan=2|9(2) s | β+ (99.15%) | 175Os | rowspan=2|(5/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (.85%) | 171Re |- | rowspan=2|176Ir | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 99 | rowspan=2|175.963649(22) | rowspan=2|8.3(6) s | β+ (97.9%) | 176Os | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (2.1%) | 172Re |- | rowspan=2|177Ir | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 100 | rowspan=2|176.961302(21) | rowspan=2|30(2) s | β+ (99.94%) | 177Os | rowspan=2|5/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (.06%) | 173Re |- | 178Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 101 | 177.961082(21) | 12(2) s | β+ | 178Os | | | |- | 179Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 102 | 178.959122(12) | 79(1) s | β+ | 179Os | (5/2)− | | |- | 180Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 103 | 179.959229(23) | 1.5(1) min | β+ | 180Os | (4,5)(+#) | | |- | 181Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 104 | 180.957625(28) | 4.90(15) min | β+ | 181Os | (5/2)− | | |- | 182Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 105 | 181.958076(23) | 15(1) min | β+ | 182Os | (3+) | | |- | rowspan=2|183Ir | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 106 | rowspan=2|182.956846(27) | rowspan=2|57(4) min | β+ ( 99.95%) | 183Os | rowspan=2|5/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (.05%) | 179Re |- | 184Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 107 | 183.95748(3) | 3.09(3) h | β+ | 184Os | 5− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 184m1Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 225.65(11) keV | 470(30) µs | | | 3+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 184m2Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 328.40(24) keV | 350(90) ns | | | (7)+ | | |- | 185Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 108 | 184.95670(3) | 14.4(1) h | β+ | 185Os | 5/2− | | |- | 186Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 109 | 185.957946(18) | 16.64(3) h | β+ | 186Os | 5+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 186mIr | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0.8(4) keV | rowspan=2|1.92(5) h | β+ | 186Os | rowspan=2|2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (rare) | 186Ir |- | 187Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 110 | 186.957363(7) | 10.5(3) h | β+ | 187Os | 3/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 187m1Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 186.15(4) keV | 30.3(6) ms | IT | 187Ir | 9/2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 187m2Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 433.81(9) keV | 152(12) ns | | | 11/2− | | |- | 188Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 111 | 187.958853(8) | 41.5(5) h | β+ | 188Os | 1− | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 188mIr | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 970(30) keV | rowspan=2|4.2(2) ms | IT | 188Ir | rowspan=2|7+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (rare) | 188Os |- | 189Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 112 | 188.958719(14) | 13.2(1) d | EC | 189Os | 3/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 189m1Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 372.18(4) keV | 13.3(3) ms | IT | 189Ir | 11/2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 189m2Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2333.3(4) keV | 3.7(2) ms | | | (25/2)+ | | |- | rowspan=2|190Ir | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 113 | rowspan=2|189.9605460(18) | rowspan=2|11.78(10) d | EC | rowspan=2|190Os | rowspan=2|4− | rowspan=2 | |- | β+ (<0.002%)[5] |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 190m1Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 26.1(1) keV | 1.120(3) h | IT | 190Ir | (1−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 190m2Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 36.154(25) keV | >2 µs | | | (4)+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 190m3Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 376.4(1) keV | 3.087(12) h | | | (11)− | | |- | 191Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 114 | 190.9605940(18) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable[n 1] | 3/2+ | 0.373(2) | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 191m1Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 171.24(5) keV | 4.94(3) s | IT | 191Ir | 11/2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 191m2Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2120(40) keV | 5.5(7) s | | | | | |- | rowspan=2|192Ir | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 115 | rowspan=2|191.9626050(18) | rowspan=2|73.827(13) d | β (95.24%) | 192Pt | rowspan=2|4+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | EC (4.76%) | 192Os |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 192m1Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 56.720(5) keV | 1.45(5) min | | | 1− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 192m2Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 168.14(12) keV | 241(9) y | | | (11−) | | |- | 193Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 116 | 192.9629264(18) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable[n 2] | 3/2+ | 0.627(2) | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 193mIr | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 80.240(6) keV | 10.53(4) d | IT | 193Ir | 11/2− | | |- | 194Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 117 | 193.9650784(18) | 19.28(13) h | β | 194Pt | 1− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 194m1Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 147.078(5) keV | 31.85(24) ms | IT | 194Ir | (4+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 194m2Ir | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 370(70) keV | 171(11) d | | | (10,11)(−#) | | |- | 195Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 118 | 194.9659796(18) | 2.5(2) h | β | 195Pt | 3/2+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 195mIr | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(5) keV | rowspan=2|3.8(2) h | β (95%) | 195Pt | rowspan=2|11/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (5%) | 195Ir |- | 196Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 119 | 195.96840(4) | 52(1) s | β | 196Pt | (0−) | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 196mIr | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 210(40) keV | rowspan=2|1.40(2) h | β (99.7%) | 196Pt | rowspan=2|(10,11−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT | 196Ir |- | 197Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 120 | 196.969653(22) | 5.8(5) min | β | 197Pt | 3/2+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 197mIr | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 115(5) keV | rowspan=2|8.9(3) min | β (99.75%) | 197Pt | rowspan=2|11/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (.25%) | 197Ir |- | 198Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 121 | 197.97228(21)# | 8(1) s | β | 198Pt | | | |- | 199Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 122 | 198.97380(4) | 7(5) s | β | 199Pt | 3/2+# | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 199mIr | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(40)# keV | 235(90) ns | IT | 199Ir | 11/2−# | | |- | 200Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 123 | 199.976800(210)# | 43(6) s | β | 200Pt | (2-, 3-) | | |- | 201Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 124 | 200.978640(210)# | 21(5) s | β | 201Pt | (3/2+) | | |- | 202Ir | style="text-align:right" | 77 | style="text-align:right" | 125 | 201.981990(320)# | 11(3) s | β | 202Pt | (2-) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 202mIr | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2000(1000)# keV | 3.4(0.6) µs | IT | 202Ir | | | Шаблон:Isotopes table/footer

Iridium-192

Шаблон:Main article

Iridium-192 (symbol 192Ir) is a radioactive isotope of iridium, with a half-life of 73.83 days.[6] It decays by emitting beta (β) particles and gamma (γ) radiation. About 96% of 192Ir decays occur via emission of β and γ radiation, leading to 192Pt. Some of the β particles are captured by other 192Ir nuclei, which are then converted to 192Os. Electron capture is responsible for the remaining 4% of 192Ir decays.[7] Iridium-192 is normally produced by neutron activation of natural-abundance iridium metal.[8]

Iridium-192 is a very strong gamma ray emitter, with a gamma dose-constant of approximately 1.54 μSv·h−1·MBq−1 at 30 cm, and a specific activity of 341 TBq·g−1 (9.22 kCi·g−1).[9][10] There are seven principal energy packets produced during its disintegration process ranging from just over 0.2 to about 0.6 MeV.

The 192m2Ir isomer is unusual, both for its long half-life for an isomer, and that said half-life greatly exceeds that of the ground state of the same isotope.

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Navbox element isotopes


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