Английская Википедия:Isotopes of manganese

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox manganese isotopes Naturally occurring manganese (₂₅Mn) is composed of one stable isotope, ⁵⁵Mn. 26 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being ⁵³Mn with a half-life of 3.7 million years, ⁵⁴Mn with a half-life of 312.3 days, and ⁵²Mn with a half-life of 5.591 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 3 hours and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than a minute. This element also has 3 meta states.

Manganese is part of the iron group of elements, which are thought to be synthesized in large stars shortly before supernova explosions. ⁵³Mn decays to ⁵³Cr with a half-life of 3.7 million years. Because of its relatively short half-life, ⁵³Mn occurs only in tiny amounts due to the action of cosmic rays on iron in rocks. Manganese isotopic contents are typically combined with chromium isotopic contents and have found application in isotope geology and radiometric dating. Mn−Cr isotopic ratios reinforce the evidence from ²⁶Al and ¹⁰⁷Pd for the early history of the Solar System. Variations in ⁵³Cr/⁵²Cr and Mn/Cr ratios from several meteorites indicate an initial ⁵³Mn/⁵⁵Mn ratio that suggests Mn−Cr isotopic systematics must result from in-situ decay of ⁵³Mn in differentiated planetary bodies. Hence ⁵³Mn provides additional evidence for nucleosynthetic processes immediately before coalescence of the Solar System.

The isotopes of manganese range in atomic weight from 46 u (⁴⁶Mn) to 72 u (⁷²Mn). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, ⁵⁵Mn, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay.

List of isotopes

Шаблон:Isotopes table |- | rowspan=4|⁴⁶Mn | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 25 | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 21 | rowspan=4|45.98672(12)# | rowspan=4|37(3) ms | β⁺ (78%) | ⁴⁶Cr | rowspan=4|(4+) | rowspan=4| | rowspan=4| |- | β⁺, p (22%) | ⁴⁵V |- | β⁺, α (<1%) | ⁴²Ti |- | β⁺, 2p (<1%) | ⁴⁴Ti |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^46mMn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 150(100)# keV | 1# ms | β⁺ | ⁴⁶Cr | 1-# | | |- | rowspan=2|⁴⁷Mn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 25 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 22 | rowspan=2|46.97610(17)# | rowspan=2|100(50) ms | β⁺ (96.6%) | ⁴⁷Cr | rowspan=2|5/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, p (3.4%) | ⁴⁶V |- | rowspan=3|⁴⁸Mn | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 25 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 23 | rowspan=3|47.96852(12) | rowspan=3|158.1(22) ms | β⁺ (99.71%) | ⁴⁸Cr | rowspan=3|4+ | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁺, p (.027%) | ⁴⁷V |- | β⁺, α (6×10⁻⁴%) | ⁴⁴Ti |- | ⁴⁹Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 24 | 48.959618(26) | 382(7) ms | β⁺ | ⁴⁹Cr | 5/2− | | |- | ⁵⁰Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 25 | 49.9542382(11) | 283.29(8) ms | β⁺ | ⁵⁰Cr | 0+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^50mMn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 229(7) keV | 1.75(3) min | β⁺ | ⁵⁰Cr | 5+ | | |- | ⁵¹Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 26 | 50.9482108(11) | 46.2(1) min | β⁺ | ⁵¹Cr | 5/2− | | |- | ⁵²Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 27 | 51.9455655(21) | 5.591(3) d | β⁺ | ⁵²Cr | 6+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^52mMn | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 377.749(5) keV | rowspan=2|21.1(2) min | β⁺ (98.25%) | ⁵²Cr | rowspan=2|2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (1.75%) | ⁵²Mn |- | ⁵³Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 28 | 52.9412901(9) | 3.7(4)×10⁶ y | EC | ⁵³Cr | 7/2− | trace | |- | rowspan=3|⁵⁴Mn | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 25 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 29 | rowspan=3|53.9403589(14) | rowspan=3|312.03(3) d | EC 99.99% | ⁵⁴Cr | rowspan=3|3+ | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻ (2.9×10⁻⁴%) | ⁵⁴Fe |- | β⁺ (5.76×10⁻⁷%) | ⁵⁴Cr |- | ⁵⁵Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 30 | 54.9380451(7) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 5/2− | 1.0000 | |- | ⁵⁶Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 31 | 55.9389049(7) | 2.5789(1) h | β⁻ | ⁵⁶Fe | 3+ | | |- | ⁵⁷Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 32 | 56.9382854(20) | 85.4(18) s | β⁻ | ⁵⁷Fe | 5/2− | | |- | ⁵⁸Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 33 | 57.93998(3) | 3.0(1) s | β⁻ | ⁵⁸Fe | 1+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^58mMn | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 71.78(5) keV | rowspan=2|65.2(5) s | β⁻ (>99.9%) | ⁵⁸Fe | rowspan=2|(4)+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (<.1%) | ⁵⁸Mn |- | ⁵⁹Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 34 | 58.94044(3) | 4.59(5) s | β⁻ | ⁵⁹Fe | (5/2)− | | |- | ⁶⁰Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 35 | 59.94291(9) | 51(6) s | β⁻ | ⁶⁰Fe | 0+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^60mMn | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 271.90(10) keV | rowspan=2|1.77(2) s | β⁻ (88.5%) | ⁶⁰Fe | rowspan=2|3+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (11.5%) | ⁶⁰Mn |- | ⁶¹Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 36 | 60.94465(24) | 0.67(4) s | β⁻ | ⁶¹Fe | (5/2)− | | |- | rowspan=2|⁶²Mn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 25 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 37 | rowspan=2|61.94843(24) | rowspan=2|671(5) ms | β⁻ (>99.9%) | ⁶²Fe | rowspan=2|(3+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (<.1%) | ⁶¹Fe |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^62mMn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(150)# keV | 92(13) ms | | | (1+) | | |- | ⁶³Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 38 | 62.95024(28) | 275(4) ms | β⁻ | ⁶³Fe | 5/2−# | | |- | rowspan=2|⁶⁴Mn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 25 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 39 | rowspan=2|63.95425(29) | rowspan=2|88.8(25) ms | β⁻ (>99.9%) | ⁶⁴Fe | rowspan=2|(1+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (<.1%) | ⁶³Fe |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^64mMn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 135(3) keV | >100 µs | | | | | |- | rowspan=2|⁶⁵Mn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 25 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 40 | rowspan=2|64.95634(58) | rowspan=2|92(1) ms | β⁻ (>99.9%) | ⁶⁵Fe | rowspan=2|5/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (<.1%) | ⁶⁴Fe |- | rowspan=2|⁶⁶Mn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 25 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41 | rowspan=2|65.96108(43)# | rowspan=2|64.4(18) ms | β⁻ (>99.9%) | ⁶⁶Fe | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (<.1%) | ⁶⁵Fe |- | ⁶⁷Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 42 | 66.96414(54)# | 45(3) ms | β⁻ | ⁶⁷Fe | 5/2−# | | |- | ⁶⁸Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 43 | 67.96930(64)# | 28(4) ms | | | | | |- | ⁶⁹Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 44 | 68.97284(86)# | 14(4) ms | | | 5/2−# | | |- | rowspan=3|⁷⁰Mn | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 25 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 45 | rowspan=3|69.978050(540)# | rowspan=3|19.9(17) ms | β⁻=? | ⁷⁰Fe | rowspan=3| (4,5) | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻, n? | ⁶⁹Fe |- | β⁻, 2n? | ⁶⁸Fe |- | rowspan=3|⁷¹Mn | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 25 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=3|70.982160(540)# | rowspan=3|16# ms
(>400 ns) | β⁻? | ⁷¹Fe | rowspan=3| 5/2-# | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻, n? | ⁷⁰Fe |- | β⁻, 2n? | ⁶⁹Fe |- | rowspan=3|⁷²Mn | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 25 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 47 | rowspan=3|71.988010(640)# | rowspan=3|12# ms
(>620 ns) | β⁻? | ⁷²Fe | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻, n? | ⁷¹Fe |- | β⁻, 2n? | ⁷⁰Fe |- | ⁷³Mn | style="text-align:right" | 25 | style="text-align:right" | 48 | 72.992810(640)# | 12# ms
(>410 ns) | β⁻? | ⁷³Fe | 5/2−# | | Шаблон:Isotopes table/footer

References

• Isotope masses from:
  • Шаблон:NUBASE 2003
• Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • Шаблон:CIAAW2003
  • Шаблон:CIAAW 2005
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • Шаблон:NUBASE 2003
  • Шаблон:NNDC
  • Шаблон:CRC85