Английская Википедия:Isotopes of tin

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox tin isotopes Tin (50Sn) is the element with the greatest number of stable isotopes (ten; three of them are potentially radioactive but have not been observed to decay). This is probably related to the fact that 50 is a "magic number" of protons. In addition, twenty-nine unstable tin isotopes are known, including tin-100 (100Sn) (discovered in 1994)[1] and tin-132 (132Sn), which are both "doubly magic". The longest-lived tin radioisotope is tin-126 (126Sn), with a half-life of 230,000 years. The other 28 radioisotopes have half-lives of less than a year.

List of isotopes

Шаблон:Isotopes table |- | rowspan=2|99Sn[n 1] | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 49 | rowspan=2|98.94850(63)# | rowspan=2|24(4) ms | β+ (95%) | 99In | rowspan=2|9/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+, p (5%) | 98Cd |- | rowspan=2|100Sn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50 | rowspan=2|99.93865(26) | rowspan=2|1.18(8) s | β+ (>83%) | 100In | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+, p (<17%) | 99Cd |- | rowspan=2|101Sn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 51 | rowspan=2|100.93526(32) | rowspan=2|2.22(5) s | β+ | 101In | rowspan=2|(7/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+, p? | 100Cd |- | 102Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 52 | 101.93029(11) | 3.8(2) s | β+ | 102In | 0+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 102mSn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2017(2) keV | 367(8) ns | IT | 102Sn | (6+) | | |- | rowspan=2|103Sn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 53 | rowspan=2|102.92797(11)# | rowspan=2|7.0(2) s | β+ (98.8%) | 103In | rowspan=2|5/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+, p (1.2%) | 102Cd |- | 104Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 54 | 103.923105(6) | 20.8(5) s | β+ | 104In | 0+ | | |- | rowspan=2|105Sn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 55 | rowspan=2|104.921268(4) | rowspan=2|32.7(5) s | β+ | 105In | rowspan=2|(5/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+, p (0.011%) | 104Cd |- | 106Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 56 | 105.916957(5) | 1.92(8) min | β+ | 106In | 0+ | | |- | 107Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 57 | 106.915714(6) | 2.90(5) min | β+ | 107In | (5/2+) | | |- | 108Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 58 | 107.911894(6) | 10.30(8) min | β+ | 108In | 0+ | | |- | 109Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 59 | 108.911293(9) | 18.1(2) min | β+ | 109In | 5/2+ | | |- | 110Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 60 | 109.907845(15) | 4.154(4) h | EC | 110In | 0+ | | |- | 111Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 61 | 110.907741(6) | 35.3(6) min | β+ | 111In | 7/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 111mSn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 254.71(4) keV | 12.5(10) μs | IT | 111Sn | 1/2+ | | |- | 112Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 62 |111.9048249(3) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable[n 2] | 0+ | 0.0097(1) | |- | 113Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 63 |112.9051759(17) | 115.08(4) d | β+ | 113In | 1/2+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 113mSn | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 77.389(19) keV | rowspan=2|21.4(4) min | IT (91.1%) | 113Sn | rowspan=2|7/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (8.9%) | 113In |- | 114Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 64 |113.90278013(3) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 0+ | 0.0066(1) | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 114mSn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3087.37(7) keV | 733(14) ns | IT | 114Sn | 7− | | |- | 115Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 65 | 114.903344696(16) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 1/2+ | 0.0034(1) | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 115m1Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 612.81(4) keV | 3.26(8) µs | | | 7/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 115m2Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 713.64(12) keV | 159(1) µs | | | 11/2− | | |- | 116Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 66 |115.90174283(10) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 0+ | 0.1454(9) | |- | 117Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 67 | 116.9029540(5) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 1/2+ | 0.0768(7) | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 117m1Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 314.58(4) keV | 13.76(4) d | IT | 117Sn | 11/2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 117m2Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2406.4(4) keV | 1.75(7) µs | | | (19/2+) | | |- | 118Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 68 |117.9016066(5) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 0+ | 0.2422(9) | |- | 119Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 69 |118.9033113(8) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 1/2+ | 0.0859(4) | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 119m1Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 89.531(13) keV | 293.1(7) d | IT | 119Sn | 11/2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 119m2Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2127.0(10) keV | 9.6(12) µs | | | (19/2+) | | |- | 120Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 70 | 119.9022026(10) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 0+ | 0.3258(9) | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 120m1Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2481.63(6) keV | 11.8(5) µs | | | (7−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 120m2Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2902.22(22) keV | 6.26(11) µs | | | (10+)# | | |- | 121Sn[n 3] | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 71 |120.9042435(11) | 27.03(4) h | β | 121Sb | 3/2+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 121m1Sn | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 6.30(6) keV | rowspan=2|43.9(5) y | IT (77.6%) | 121Sn | rowspan=2| 11/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β (22.4%) | 121Sb |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 121m2Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1998.8(9) keV | 5.3(5) µs | | | (19/2+)# | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 121m3Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2834.6(18) keV | 0.167(25) µs | | | (27/2−) | | |- | 122Sn[n 3] | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 72 | 121.9034455(26) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable[n 4] | 0+ | 0.0463(3) | |- | 123Sn[n 3] | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 73 |122.9057271(27) | 129.2(4) d | β | 123Sb | 11/2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 123m1Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 24.6(4) keV | 40.06(1) min | β | 123Sb | 3/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 123m2Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1945.0(10) keV | 7.4(26) µs | | | (19/2+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 123m3Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2153.0(12) keV | 6 µs | | | (23/2+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 123m4Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2713.0(14) keV | 34 µs | | | (27/2−) | | |- | 124Sn[n 3] | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 74 |123.9052796(14) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable[n 5] | 0+ | 0.0579(5) | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 124m1Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2204.622(23) keV | 0.27(6) µs | | | 5- | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 124m2Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2325.01(4) keV | 3.1(5) µs | | | 7− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 124m3Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2656.6(5) keV | 45(5) µs | | | (10+)# | | |- | 125Sn[n 3] | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 75 | 124.9077894(14) | 9.64(3) d | β | 125Sb | 11/2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 125mSn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 27.50(14) keV | 9.52(5) min | β | 125Sb | 3/2+ | | |- | rowspan=2|126Sn[n 6] | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76 | rowspan=2| 125.907659(11) | rowspan=2|2.30(14)×105 y | β (66.5%) | 126m2Sb | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| < 10−14[2] |- | β (33.5%) | 126m1Sb |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 126m1Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2218.99(8) keV | 6.6(14) µs | | | 7− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 126m2Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2564.5(5) keV | 7.7(5) µs | | | (10+)# | | |- | 127Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 77 |126.910392(10) | 2.10(4) h | β | 127Sb | (11/2−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 127mSn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4.7(3) keV | 4.13(3) min | β | 127Sb | (3/2+) | | |- | 128Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 78 |127.910508(19) | 59.07(14) min | β | 128Sb | 0+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 128mSn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2091.50(11) keV | 6.5(5) s | IT | 128Sn | (7−) | | |- | 129Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 79 | 128.913482(19) | 2.23(4) min | β | 129Sb | (3/2+)# | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 129mSn | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 35.2(3) keV | rowspan=2|6.9(1) min | β (99.99%) | 129Sb | rowspan=2|(11/2−)# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (.002%) | 129Sn |- | 130Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 80 |129.9139745(20) | 3.72(7) min | β | 130Sb | 0+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 130m1Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1946.88(10) keV | 1.7(1) min | β | 130Sb | (7−)# | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 130m2Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2434.79(12) keV | 1.61(15) µs | | | (10+) | | |- | 131Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 81 | 130.917053(4) | 56.0(5) s | β | 131Sb | (3/2+) | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 131m1Sn | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 80(30)# keV | rowspan=2|58.4(5) s | β (99.99%) | 131Sb | rowspan=2|(11/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (.0004%) | 131Sn |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 131m2Sn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4846.7(9) keV | 300(20) ns | | | (19/2− to 23/2−) | | |- | 132Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 82 | 131.9178239(21) | 39.7(8) s | β | 132Sb | 0+ | | |- | rowspan=2|133Sn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2|132.9239138(20) | rowspan=2|1.45(3) s | β (99.97%) | 133Sb | rowspan=2|(7/2−)# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β, n (.0294%) | 132Sb |- | rowspan=2|134Sn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 84 | rowspan=2| 133.928680(3) | rowspan=2|1.050(11) s | β (83%) | 134Sb | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β, n (17%) | 133Sb |- | rowspan=2|135Sn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85 | rowspan=2| 134.934909(3) | rowspan=2|530(20) ms | β | 135Sb | rowspan=2|(7/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β, n | 134Sb |- | rowspan=2|136Sn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86 | rowspan=2| 135.93970(22)# | rowspan=2|0.25(3) s | β | 136Sb | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β, n | 135Sb |- | 137Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 87 | 136.94616(32)# | 190(60) ms | β | 137Sb | 5/2−# | | |- | 138Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 88 |137.95114(43)# | 140 ms +30-20 | β | 138Sb | | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 138mSn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1344(2) keV | 210(45) ns | | | | | |- | 139Sn | style="text-align:right" | 50 | style="text-align:right" | 89 | 138.95780(43)# | 130 ms | β | 139Sb | | | |- |rowspan=3| 140Sn |rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 50 |rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 90 |rowspan=3| 139.96297(32)# |rowspan=3| 50# ms [>550 ns] |β? |140Sb |rowspan=3|0+ |rowspan=3| |rowspan=3| |- |β, n? |139Sb |- |β, 2n? |138Sb Шаблон:Isotopes table/footer

Tin-117m

Tin-117m is a radioisotope of tin. One of its uses is in a particulate suspension to treat canine synovitis (radiosynoviorthesis).[3]

Tin-121m

Tin-121m (121mSn) is a radioisotope and nuclear isomer of tin with a half-life of 43.9 years.

In a normal thermal reactor, it has a very low fission product yield; thus, this isotope is not a significant contributor to nuclear waste. Fast fission or fission of some heavier actinides will produce tin-121 at higher yields. For example, its yield from uranium-235 is 0.0007% per thermal fission and 0.002% per fast fission.[4]

Tin-126

Шаблон:Chain yield Tin-126 is a radioisotope of tin and one of the only seven long-lived fission products of uranium and plutonium. While tin-126's half-life of 230,000 years translates to a low specific activity of gamma radiation, its short-lived decay products, two isomers of antimony-126, emit 17 and 40 keV gamma radiation and a 3.67 MeV beta particle on their way to stable tellurium-126, making external exposure to tin-126 a potential concern.

Tin-126 is in the middle of the mass range for fission products. Thermal reactors, which make up almost all current nuclear power plants, produce it at a very low yield (0.056% for 235U), since slow neutrons almost always fission 235U or 239Pu into unequal halves. Fast fission in a fast reactor or nuclear weapon, or fission of some heavy minor actinides such as californium, will produce it at higher yields.

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Navbox element isotopes

  1. Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. Шаблон:Cite web
  3. Шаблон:Cite web
  4. M. B. Chadwick et al, "Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) : ENDF/B-VII.1: Nuclear Data for Science and Technology: Cross Sections, Covariances, Fission Product Yields, and Decay Data", Nucl. Data Sheets 112(2011)2887. (accessed at https://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/endf.htm)


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