Английская Википедия:Isotopes of zinc

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More footnotes Шаблон:Infobox zinc isotopes Naturally occurring zinc (₃₀Zn) is composed of the 5 stable isotopes ⁶⁴Zn, ⁶⁶Zn, ⁶⁷Zn, ⁶⁸Zn, and ⁷⁰Zn with ⁶⁴Zn being the most abundant (48.6% natural abundance). Twenty-five radioisotopes have been characterised with the most abundant and stable being ⁶⁵Zn with a half-life of 244.26 days, and ⁷²Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 14 hours and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 1 second. This element also has 10 meta states.

Zinc has been proposed as a "salting" material for nuclear weapons. A jacket of isotopically enriched ⁶⁴Zn, irradiated by the intense high-energy neutron flux from an exploding thermonuclear weapon, would transmute into the radioactive isotope ⁶⁵Zn with a half-life of 244 days and produce approximately 1.115 MeV of gamma radiation, significantly increasing the radioactivity of the weapon's fallout for several years. Such a weapon is not known to have ever been built, tested, or used.

List of isotopes

Шаблон:Isotopes table |- | ⁵⁴Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 24 | 53.99295(43)# | 1.59 ms | 2p | ⁵²Ni | 0+ | | |- | rowspan=2|⁵⁵Zn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 30 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 25 | rowspan=2|54.98398(27)# | rowspan=2|20# ms [>1.6 μs] | 2p | ⁵³Ni | rowspan=2|5/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ | ⁵⁵Cu |- | ⁵⁶Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 26 | 55.97238(28)# | 36(10) ms | β⁺ | ⁵⁶Cu | 0+ | | |- | rowspan=2|⁵⁷Zn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 30 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 27 | rowspan=2|56.96479(11)# | rowspan=2|38(4) ms | β⁺, p (65%) | ⁵⁶Ni | rowspan=2|7/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ (35%) | ⁵⁷Cu |- | rowspan=2|⁵⁸Zn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 30 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 28 | rowspan=2|57.95459(5) | rowspan=2|84(9) ms | β⁺, p (60%) | ⁵⁷Ni | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ (40%) | ⁵⁸Cu |- | rowspan=2|⁵⁹Zn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 30 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29 | rowspan=2|58.94926(4) | rowspan=2|182.0(18) ms | β⁺ (99%) | ⁵⁹Cu | rowspan=2|3/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, p (1%) | ⁵⁸Ni |- | ⁶⁰Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 30 | 59.941827(11) | 2.38(5) min | β⁺ | ⁶⁰Cu | 0+ | | |- | ⁶¹Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 31 | 60.939511(17) | 89.1(2) s | β⁺ | ⁶¹Cu | 3/2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^61m1Zn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 88.4(1) keV | <430 ms | | | 1/2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^61m2Zn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 418.10(15) keV | 140(70) ms | | | 3/2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^61m3Zn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 756.02(18) keV | <130 ms | | | 5/2− | | |- | ⁶²Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 32 | 61.934330(11) | 9.186(13) h | β⁺ | ⁶²Cu | 0+ | | |- | ⁶³Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 33 | 62.9332116(17) | 38.47(5) min | β⁺ | ⁶³Cu | 3/2− | | |- | ⁶⁴Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 34 | 63.9291422(7) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable | 0+ | 0.4917(75) | |- | ⁶⁵Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 35 | 64.9292410(7) | 243.66(9) d | β⁺ | ⁶⁵Cu | 5/2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^65mZn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 53.928(10) keV | 1.6(6) μs | | | (1/2)− | | |- | ⁶⁶Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 36 | 65.9260334(10) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 0+ | 0.2773(98) | |- | ⁶⁷Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 37 | 66.9271273(10) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 5/2− | 0.0404(16) | |- | ⁶⁸Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 38 | 67.9248442(10) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 0+ | 0.1845(63) | |- | ⁶⁹Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 39 | 68.9265503(10) | 56.4(9) min | β⁻ | ⁶⁹Ga | 1/2− | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^69mZn | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 438.636(18) keV | rowspan=2|13.76(2) h | IT (96.7%) | ⁶⁹Zn | rowspan=2|9/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻ (3.3%) | ⁶⁹Ga |- | ⁷⁰Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 40 | 69.9253193(21) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable | 0+ | 0.0061(10) | |- | ⁷¹Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 41 | 70.927722(11) | 2.45(10) min | β⁻ | ⁷¹Ga | 1/2− | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^71mZn | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 157.7(13) keV | rowspan=2|3.96(5) h | β⁻ (99.95%) | ⁷¹Ga | rowspan=2|9/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (.05%) | ⁷¹Zn |- | ⁷²Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 42 | 71.926858(7) | 46.5(1) h | β⁻ | ⁷²Ga | 0+ | | |- | ⁷³Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 43 | 72.92978(4) | 23.5(10) s | β⁻ | ⁷³Ga | (1/2)− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^73m1Zn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 195.5(2) keV | 13.0(2) ms | | | (5/2+) | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^73m2Zn | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 237.6(20) keV | rowspan=2|5.8(8) s | β⁻ | ⁷³Ga | rowspan=2|(7/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT | ⁷³Zn |- | ⁷⁴Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 44 | 73.92946(5) | 95.6(12) s | β⁻ | ⁷⁴Ga | 0+ | | |- | ⁷⁵Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 45 | 74.93294(8) | 10.2(2) s | β⁻ | ⁷⁵Ga | (7/2+)# | | |- | ⁷⁶Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 46 | 75.93329(9) | 5.7(3) s | β⁻ | ⁷⁶Ga | 0+ | | |- | ⁷⁷Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 47 | 76.93696(13) | 2.08(5) s | β⁻ | ⁷⁷Ga | (7/2+)# | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^77mZn | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 772.39(12) keV | rowspan=2|1.05(10) s | IT (50%) | ⁷⁷Zn | rowspan=2|1/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻ (50%) | ⁷⁷Ga |- | ⁷⁸Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 48 | 77.93844(10) | 1.47(15) s | β⁻ | ⁷⁸Ga | 0+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^78mZn | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2673(1) keV | 319(9) ns | | | (8+) | | |- | rowspan=2|⁷⁹Zn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 30 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 49 | rowspan=2|78.94265(28)# | rowspan=2|0.995(19) s | β⁻ (98.7%) | ⁷⁹Ga | rowspan=2|(9/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (1.3%) | ⁷⁸Ga |- | rowspan=2|⁸⁰Zn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 30 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50 | rowspan=2|79.94434(18) | rowspan=2|545(16) ms | β⁻ (99%) | ⁸⁰Ga | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (1%) | ⁷⁹Ga |- | rowspan=2|⁸¹Zn | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 30 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 51 | rowspan=2|80.95048(32)# | rowspan=2|290(50) ms | β⁻ (92.5%) | ⁸¹Ga | rowspan=2|5/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (7.5%) | ⁸⁰Ga |- | ⁸²Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 52 | 81.95442(54)# | 100# ms [>300 ns] | β⁻ | ⁸²Ga | 0+ | | |- | ⁸³Zn | style="text-align:right" | 30 | style="text-align:right" | 53 | 82.96103(54)# | 80# ms [>300 ns] | | | 5/2+# | | Шаблон:Isotopes table/footer

References

• Isotope masses from:
  • Шаблон:NUBASE 2003
• Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • Шаблон:CIAAW 2005
  • Шаблон:CIAAW 2005
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • Шаблон:NUBASE 2003
  • Шаблон:NNDC
  • Шаблон:CRC85

External links

• Zinc isotopes data from The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's