Английская Википедия:Isotta Fraschini

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Isotta Fraschini (Шаблон:IPA-it) is an Italian luxury car manufacturer, also producing trucks, as well as engines for marine and aviation use. Founded in Milan, Italy, in 1900 by Cesare Isotta and the brothers Vincenzo, Antonio, and Oreste Fraschini, in 1955 it was merged with engine manufacturer Breda Motori and renamed F.A. Isotta Fraschini e Motori Breda.

History

The firm was named for its founders, Cesare Isotta and Vincenzo Fraschini, who had been importing Mors and Renault automobiles as well as Aster proprietary engines since 1899.[1] The company they founded as Società Milanese Automobili Isotta, Fraschini & C. on 27 January 1900 had the stated purpose to "Import, sell, repair cars". Prior to establishing their own products in 1904, Isotta and Fraschini assembled cars very similar to Renaults, with Aster engines. They differed from the real Renaults in having a neater underslung front radiator arrangement.[2]

The first automobile bearing this marque featured a four-cylinder engine with an output of Шаблон:Convert. The car, driven by Vincenzo Fraschini, appeared in several races. In 1905, Isotta Fraschini gained notoriety in the Coppa Florio, where they entered a Tipo D with a Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert engine. For a short time in 1907, Isotta Fraschini merged with French automobile company Lorraine-Dietrich. The firm started making race cars using this same Шаблон:Convert engine, establishing the company's reputation and giving its name considerable cachet. It was also one of the first companies to successfully market cars with four-wheel brakes, following their invention by Arrol-Johnston of Scotland in 1909.[3] They were also among the early pioneers of overhead cam (OHC), with an engine designed by Giustino Cattaneo.[4] Isotta Fraschini introduced their Tipo 8, the first production automobile to be powered by a straight-eight engine, at the Paris Salon in 1919[5] and began delivering them to customers in 1920.[6]

With the growth of the wealthy middle class in North America in the 1920s, Isotta Fraschini marketed deluxe limousines to the new American aristocracy. Early film stars Clara Bow and Rudolph Valentino drove Isotta Fraschinis. A 1929 Tipo 8A Castagna Transformable is featured in the 1950 film Sunset Boulevard[7] and another appears in the 1934 film Death Takes a Holiday with Fredric March. An Isotta Fraschini also makes a featured appearance in the 1946 film Without Reservations with John Wayne and Claudette Colbert. Also, an Isotta Fraschini was gigolo Lindsay Marriott's car in Raymond Chandler's book Farewell, My Lovely (1940) that was made into the motion picture Murder, My Sweet (1944), starring Dick Powell and Claire Trevor. The grille of the Isotta Fraschini with the lightning bolt insignia is seen parked in a ravine, right before Douglas Walton's character Lindsay Marriott is killed. An oversized Isotta Fraschini is also the vehicle of choice for Dick and Nicole Diver in F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1933 novel Tender is the Night.

Seriously affected by the economic crisis of the 1930s and by the disruptions of World War II, Isotta Fraschini stopped making cars after the war (1949). Only five of the last model, the Monterosa, were produced. The plants were converted to produce marine engines.

The company was left on the company register and in 1955 it was merged with engine manufacturer Breda Motori and named F.A. Isotta Fraschini e Motori Breda. The company started to produce trolley buses again and in the 1960s built a new diesel engine factory in Bari. In the 1980s, the company was renamed Isotta Fraschini Motori SpA and it became part of the Fincantieri group, with administrative headquarters in the old factory in Bari.

In the 1990s, attempts to revive the automotive industry of Isotta Fraschini were made. Concept-car coupe and roadster Isotta Fraschini T8 were built in 1996, and concept-car roadster Isotta Fraschini T12 was built in 1998. The company never went into production and closed for bankruptcy in 1999.

The marque was revived in 2022, with the announcement of a new motorsport chassis designed from scratch to compete in sports car racing, like the centenary edition of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, under Automobile Club de l'Ouest Le Mans Hypercar rules.

Aero-engines

Vehicles

Passenger cars

Racing cars

Trucks

  • D80 1934–1955
  • D65 1940–1955

Trolleybuses

Today

Active economic entities

  • Intrepida Fides, The Isotta Fraschini Foundation, acronym coined by Gabriele D'Annunzio, with registered office in Milan
  • Isotta Fraschini Milano s.r.l., with registered office in Milan, active in the field of vehicles, as well as production and marketing of luxury goods
  • Isotta Fraschini Motori S.p.A.: with registered office in Bari. An engineering firm specializing in diesel products, particularly marine engines, industrial engines, and rail traction engines, but also providing civil and military engineering products and services. The company is part of Fincantieri group. The company produces propulsion and generation systems, used in US Navy littoral fast attack surface ships and yachts. The L1306 T3, V 1312 T3, VL 1716 T2 T3 and GE COLZA V 1312 T3 generation systems produce between 200 kW and 3,000 kW. The largest of these generators are used in the Freedom class of Littoral Combat Ships

World Endurance Championship

A new chassis is designed from scratch to compete in sports car racing including the centenary edition of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, under ACO Hypercar rules. The car would eventually be named the Tipo 6 LMH-C.

The car has been designed by Michelotto Engineering (a long-standing Ferrari motorsport partner) with additional aerodynamic expertise from Williams Advanced Engineering.[11]

The LMH Hypercar rules allow for several configurations. Isotta have selected hybrid all-wheel drive with the hybrid energy delivered to the front axle. The internal combustion engine is a 3-litre V6.[11]

Isotta Fraschini is aiming for a 2023 debut of the Tipo 6 LMH-C in the FIA World Endurance Championship. To achieve this, they are partnering with the British team Vector Sport.[12] The car was initially supposed to make its racing debut in the 6 Hours of Spa, but its alleged first race has since been pushed back to the 8 Hours of Bahrain due the car's production running behind schedule, meaning they will miss the 24 Hours of Le Mans.[13] The Tipo 6 LMH Pista was presented at Paul Ricard, and completed laps with the GT1 Sports Club session as part of the 1000km of Paul Ricard weekend. [14] Both the Competizione and Pista variants took part in pre-race demos at the 2023 6 Hours of Monza weekend, wherein it was also announced that the car wouldn't be racing at the Bahrain weekend. Instead the aim is to complete the homologation process for the Tipo 6 LMH-C in late October. Vector Sport is prioritizing the test programme ahead of the 2024 FIA World Endurance Championship season, in which it hopes to contest the full season.[15][16]

See also

Шаблон:Portal

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Isotta Fraschini Шаблон:Fincantieri Шаблон:Isotta Fraschini aeroengines Шаблон:Automotive industry in Italy

Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
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Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  2. ↑ Nicholson, p. 19
  3. ↑ Georgano, G. N. Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985)
  4. ↑ Georgano. They were joined by Austro-Daimler's Prinz Heinrich, designed by Ferdinand Porsche, W. O. Bentley (in 1919), and Sunbeam (between 1921 and 1923).
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 8,5 8,6 8,7 8,8 8,9 Шаблон:Cite book
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 9,5 9,6 9,7 Шаблон:Cite book
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 Шаблон:Cite book
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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