Английская Википедия:Israeli new shekel

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Pp-30-500 Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox currency

The new Israeli shekel (Шаблон:Lang-he, Шаблон:IPA-he; Шаблон:Lang-ar; sign: ₪; ISO code: ILS; unofficial abbreviation: NIS), also known as simply the Israeli shekel (Шаблон:Lang-he; Шаблон:Lang-ar), is the currency of Israel and is also used as a legal tender in the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The new shekel is divided into 100 agorot. The new shekel has been in use since 1 January 1986, when it replaced the hyperinflated old shekel at a ratio of 1000:1.

The currency sign for the new shekel Шаблон:Angle brackets is a combination of the first Hebrew letters of the words shekel (Шаблон:Script/Hebrew) and ẖadash (Шаблон:Script/Hebrew) (new). When the shekel sign is unavailable the abbreviation NIS (Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang) is used.

History

Шаблон:Main The origin of the name "shekel" (Шаблон:Lang) is from the ancient Biblical currency by the same name. An early Biblical reference is Abraham being reported to pay "four hundred shekels of silver" to Ephron the Hittite for the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron (Шаблон:Bible). Shekel is any of several ancient units of weight or of currency in ancient Israel, from the Hebrew root ש-ק-ל (š-q-l) meaning 'weigh' (שָׁקַל šaqal 'to weigh', שֶׁקֶל šeqel 'a standard weight'), common with other Semitic languages like Akkadian (resp. šaqālu and šiqlu)[1] and Aramaic (resp. תְּקַל teqal and תִּקְלָא tiqla).[2] Initially, it may have referred to a weight of barley. In ancient Israel, the shekel was known to be about 180 grains (11 grams or 0.35 troy ounces).

From the formation of the modern State of Israel on 14 May 1948 through 1952 banknotes continued to be issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank as the Palestine pound which was pegged at £P1 = £1 sterling.[3] In 1952, the Anglo-Palestine Bank changed its name to Bank Leumi Le-Yisrael (National Bank of Israel) and the currency name became the Israeli pound.[4]

Israeli pound (1952–1980)

Шаблон:Main The Israeli pound (Шаблон:Lang, "lira yisraelit") was the currency of the State of Israel from June 1952 until it was replaced with the shekel on 24 February 1980. From 1955, after the Bank of Israel was established and took over the duty of issuing banknotes, only the Hebrew name was used, along with the symbol "IL".[5] The pegging to sterling was abandoned on 1 January 1954, and in 1960, the sub-division of the Israeli pound was changed from 1,000 prutot to 100 agorot.

Because lira (Шаблон:Lang-he) was a loanword from Latin, a debate emerged in the 1960s over the name of the Israeli currency due to its non-Hebrew origins. This resulted in a law ordering the Minister of Finance to change the name from lira to the Hebrew name shekel (Шаблон:Lang-he). The law allowed the minister to decide on the date for the change. The law came into effect in February 1980, when the Israeli government introduced the 'Israeli shekel' (now called old Israeli shekel), at a rate of IL10 = IS 1.

Shekel (1980–1985)

Шаблон:Main The original shekel, now known as the old shekel, was the currency of the State of Israel between 24 February 1980 and 31 December 1985. Both it and its predecessor, the Israeli pound, experienced frequent devaluations against foreign currencies during the 1960s and 1970s. This trend culminated in the old shekel experiencing hyperinflation in the early 1980s. After inflation was contained as a result of the 1985 Economic Stabilization Plan, the new shekel was introduced, replacing the old shekel on 1 January 1986 at a rate of Шаблон:Nowrap to Шаблон:Nowrap

New shekel (1985–present)

Шаблон:Multiple image Since the economic crisis of the 1980s and the subsequent introduction of the new shekel in 1985, the Bank of Israel and the government of Israel have maintained much more careful and conservative fiscal and monetary policies, and have gradually introduced various market-based economic reforms. In addition, the signing of free trade agreements helped the Israeli economy become more competitive, while heavy investment in its industrial and scientific base allowed the country to take advantage of opportunities associated with the rise of the global knowledge economy, thus greatly increasing exports and opening new markets for its products and services. As a result of these factors, inflation has been relatively low and the country now maintains a positive balance of payments, with a current account surplus equivalent to about 3% of its GDP in 2010. Consequently, its currency has strengthened though less so than an exceptional rise in the Euro and Swiss Franc, rising approximately 20% in value relative to the US dollar from 2001 to 2011, contrasting to weakening in prior decades.

Since 1 January 2003, the new shekel has been a freely convertible currency. Since 7 May 2006, new shekel derivative trading has also been available on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.[6] This makes the new shekel one of only twenty or so world currencies for which there are widely available currency futures contracts in the foreign exchange market. It is also a currency that can be exchanged by consumers in many parts of the world.[7][8] On 26 May 2008, CLS Bank International announced that it would settle payment instructions in new shekels, making the currency fully convertible.[9]

Coins

In 1985, coins in denominations of 1 agora, 5 agorot, 10 agorot, ₪Шаблон:Frac, and ₪1 were introduced.[10] In 1990, ₪5 coins were introduced,[11] followed by ₪10 coins in 1995.[12] Production of 1 agora pieces ceased in 1990, and they were removed from circulation on 1 April 1991.Шаблон:Citation needed A ₪2 coin was introduced on 9 December 2007.[13] The 5 agorot coin, last minted in 2007, was removed from circulation on 1 January 2008.[14]

In April 2011, it was reported that new coins would be minted that would use less metal and thus lower costs. Counterfeiting would also be harder.[15] The Bank of Israel is considering dropping the word "new" on the planned coins series. If approved, this would be the first replacement of all coins since the introduction of the new shekel coins in September 1985.[16] The coins are minted by the Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation (KOMSCO).[17]

In 2022, the Bank of Israel announced a new series of coins featuring updated inscriptions for its coins, with "new shekels" replacing "new sheqalim". The 5 and 10 new shekel coins will be the first to feature the new inscriptions, and the 10 agorot and Шаблон:Frac new shekel coins will feature its unit names rendered in Arabic.[18]

New shekel coin series
Image Value Technical parameters Description Date of
Diameter Thickness Mass Composition Edge Obverse Reverse issue withdrawal
Файл:Israel 1 Agora 1985 Obverse & Reverse.jpg Шаблон:Nowrap 17 mm 1.2 mm 2 g Aluminium bronze
92% copper
6% aluminium
2% nickel 		Plain Ancient galley, "Israel" in Hebrew, Arabic and English Value, date 4 September 1985 1 April 1991
Файл:Israel 5 Agorot 1985 Edge, Obverse & Reverse.jpg 5 agorot 19.5 mm 1.3 mm 3 g Replica of a coin from the fourth year of the war of the Jews against Rome depicting a lulav between two etrogim, "Israel" in Hebrew, Arabic and English 1 January 2008
Файл:Israel 10 Agorot 1985 Edge, Obverse & Reverse.jpg Шаблон:Nowrap 22 mm 1.5 mm 4 g Replica of a coin issued by Antigonus II Mattathias with the seven-branched candelabrum, the state emblem, "Israel" in Hebrew, Arabic and English Current
Файл:Israel Half New Sheqel 1985 Edge, Obverse & Reverse.jpg Шаблон:Nowrap 26 mm 1.6 mm 6.5 g Lyre Value, date, "Israel" in Hebrew, Arabic and English
Файл:Israel 1 New Sheqel 1985 Edge, Obverse & Reverse.jpg Шаблон:Nowrap 18 mm 1.8 mm 3.5 g Cupronickel
75% copper
25% nickel (1985–1993)
Nickel-plated steel (1994–present)[19] 		Plain Lily, "Yehud" in ancient Hebrew Value, date, "Israel" in Hebrew, Arabic and English 4 September 1985 Current
Файл:Israel 2 New Sheqels 2010 Edge, Obverse & Reverse.jpg Шаблон:Nowrap 21.6 mm 2.3 mm 5.7 g Nickel-plated steel Segmented (plain and reeded sections) Two cornucopia 9 December 2007
Файл:Israel 5 New Sheqels 2012 Edge, Obverse & Reverse.jpg Шаблон:Nowrap 24 mm 2.4 mm 8.2 g Cupronickel
75% copper
25% nickel 		12 sides Capital of column 2 January 1990
Файл:Israel 10 New Sheqels 2011 Edge, Obverse & Reverse.jpg Шаблон:Coin-silver-color | Шаблон:Nowrap 23 mm
Core: 16 mm 		2.2 mm 7 g Ring: nickel-bonded steel
Center: aureate-bonded bronze 		Reeded Palm tree with seven leaves and two baskets with dates, the words "for the redemption of Zion" in ancient and modern Hebrew alphabet 7 February 1995
Шаблон:Standard coin table notice

Banknotes

Series A (1985–1999)

Beginning on 4 September 1985. banknotes are introduced in denominations of Шаблон:Nowrap ₪10, and ₪50. An Шаблон:Nowrap note followed on 8 May 1986 and the Шаблон:Nowrap note issued on 19 August 1986. On 2 April 1988, the Шаблон:Nowrap note issued and the Шаблон:Nowrap note issued on 16 February 1992 completing the family.[20] The Шаблон:Nowrap ₪5 and ₪10 notes used the same basic designs as the earlier Шаблон:Nowrap 5000, and Шаблон:Nowrap notes but with the denominations altered.

The Шаблон:Nowrap ₪5 and ₪10 notes were later replaced by coins. A number of these coins, in their first minting, had the images of the individuals on the notes engraved on them.

Image Value Dimensions Colour Obverse Reverse Date of issue Date of withdrawal
Файл:Israel 1 Sheqel 1986 Obverse & Reverse.jpg ₪1 76x 138 mm green Maimonides Tiberias where Maimonides is buried; ancient stone lamp 8 May 1986 1995
Файл:Israel 5 New Sheqalim 1987 Obverse & Reverse.jpg ₪5 blue Levi Eshkol Pipe carrying water, symbolizing the National Water Carrier, fields and barren land in background 4 September 1985 1995
Файл:Israel 10 New Sekel 1985 Obverse & Reverse.jpg ₪10 orange Golda Meir Picture of Golda Meir in the crowd, in front of the Moscow Choral Synagogue, as she arrived in Moscow as Israel's ambassador in 1948 4 September 1985 1995
Файл:Israel 20 New Sheqalim 1993 Obverse & Reverse.jpg ₪20 dark gray Moshe Sharett The original building of Herzliya Gymnasium, Little Tel Aviv in background 2 April 1988 1 July 2000
Файл:Israel 50 New Sheqalim 1992 front & back.jpg ₪50 purple Shmuel Yosef Agnon Jerusalem skyline, Eastern European shtetl, the setting of many of Agnon's stories. 4 September 1985 1 July 2000
Файл:Israel 100 New Sheqalim 1995 front & back.jpg ₪100 brown Yitzhak Ben-Zvi Peki'in Synagogue with carob tree and cave; ancient stone lamp 19 August 1986 1 July 2000
Файл:Israel 200 New Sheqalim1994 Obverse & Reverse.jpg ₪200 red Zalman Shazar A girl writing at a desk as a symbol of the Compulsory Education Law which was initiated by Shazar, and Hebrew block letters in background 16 February 1992 1 July 2000
Шаблон:Standard banknote table notice

Series B (1999–2017)

The Second series of bank notes was released in 1999, replacing the first series by 2005. A plan to issue a Шаблон:Nowrap banknote, carrying the portrait of Yitzhak Rabin, was announced shortly after Rabin's assassination in 1995. However, due to low inflation rates, there was no need for such a banknote and it was never issued.[21]

Second series of the new shekel
Image Value Dimensions Colour Obverse Reverse Date of issue
Файл:Israel-20-New-Sheqalim-1998-revers.jpgФайл:Israel-20-New-Sheqalim-1998-avers.jpg Шаблон:Nowrap 71x 138 mm Green Moshe Sharett Jewish volunteers in World War II; a watchtower, commemorating tower and stockade settlements 3 January 1999
Файл:20 NIS Bill (polypropylene) Obverse & Reverse.jpg Шаблон:Nowrap Green Moshe Sharett Jewish volunteers in World War II; a watchtower, commemorating tower and stockade settlements. The additional red text on the polypropylene note reads "60 Years of the State of Israel" in Hebrew in red ink. It was only featured in a 1.8 million limited run close to the noted anniversary and is not present on a majority of notes.
(Made of polypropylene, a polymer substrate, which is superior to the regular Series B paper note with a circulation life of a few months only. The polymer note is printed by Orell Füssli Security Printing of Zürich, Switzerland.)		 13 April 2008
Файл:50 NIS Bill Obverse & Reverse.jpg Шаблон:Nowrap Purple Shmuel Yosef Agnon Agnon's notebook, pen and glasses, Jerusalem and the Temple Mount 31 October 1999
Файл:100 NIS Bill Obverse & Reverse.jpg Шаблон:Nowrap Brown Yitzhak Ben-Zvi Peki'in Synagogue 3 January 1999
Файл:200 NIS Bill Obverse & Reverse.jpg Шаблон:Nowrap Red Zalman Shazar A street in Safed and text from Shazar's essay about Safed 31 October 1999
Файл:500 NIS Bill Obverse.png
 Шаблон:Nowrap Blue Yitzhak Rabin Part of a speech given by the late Prime Minister shortly before his assassination[22] Never printed
Шаблон:Standard banknote table notice

Series C (2014–present)

The committee proposed that the new series would bear the portraits of prominent Hebrew poets, among them Rachel Bluwstein, Shaul Tchernichovsky, Leah Goldberg and Nathan Alterman. In December 2010, it was announced that the series would feature portraits of Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Rabin, Rachel, and Shmuel Yosef Agnon.[23] When Begin's family opposed the decision, the committee's original proposal was readopted.[24]

On 14 November 2012, the Bank of Israel announced that the new series of banknotes is in the final stages of design. The first of the new banknotes to begin circulation was in the ₪50 denomination on 16 September 2014,[25] followed by the ₪200 note on 23 December 2015.[26] The final two denominations, ₪20 and ₪100, were issued on 23 November 2017, completing the "Series C" banknote series.[27][28][29]

With the issuing of the third series, the Bank of Israel has adopted the standard English spelling of shekel and plural shekels for its currency.[30] Previously, the Bank had formally used the Hebrew transcriptions of sheqel and sheqalim (from Шаблон:Lang).[31] The new notes also used the Arabic Шаблон:Lang (šaykal) rather than Шаблон:Lang (šayqal), which had been used on all banknotes previously.

The banknotes are printed by Orell Füssli Security Printing of Switzerland.[32]

Third Series of the New Shekel
Image Value Dimensions Colour Description Date of issue
Obverse Reverse
Файл:20 New Sheqalim2017 Obverse & Reverse.png Шаблон:Nowrap 129 × 71 mm Red Rachel Bluwstein; the poem Kinneret in microprinting; palm tree branches in the background Vista of the Sea of Galilee shoreline; segment from the poem Perhaps it was nothing… 23 November 2017
Файл:50 New Sheqalim2014 Obverse & Reverse.png Шаблон:Nowrap 136 × 71 mm Green Shaul Tchernichovsky; the poem Oh, My Land, My Homeland in microprinting; citrus tree and its fruits in the background Capital of a Corinthian column; segment from the poem I Believe 16 September 2014
Файл:100 New Sheqalim2017 Obverse & Reverse.png Шаблон:Nowrap 143 × 71 mm Orange Leah Goldberg; the poem In the land of my love the almond tree blossoms in microprinting; almond tree blossoms in the background A group of gazelles; segment from the poem White days 23 November 2017
Файл:200 New Sheqalim2015 Obverse & Reverse.png Шаблон:Nowrap 150 × 71 mm Blue Nathan Alterman; the poem Eternal Meeting in microprinting; fall leaves in the background Moonlit flora; segment from the poem Morning Song 23 December 2015
Шаблон:Standard banknote table notice

Exchange rates

Файл:Euro exchange rate to ILS.svg
The cost of one euro in ILS (from 2011).
ILS per currency, averaged over the year
Currency ISO 4217 Unit 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016
United States dollar USD 1 1.36 2.59 3.36 4.22 4.47 3.46 3.77
Soviet ruble SUR1 1 1.80 4.61
Russian ruble RUB 1 0.62 0.14 0.16 0.12 0.05
Yen JPY 100 0.81 1.87 3.16 3.42 4.00 4.27 3.44
Sterling (pound) GBP 1 2.07 4.47 5.16 6.10 8.36 5.53 5.15
Deutsche Mark DEM2 1 0.61 1.50 2.22 1.86 2.89 2.51 2.17
French franc FRF3 1 0.19 0.44 0.65 0.55 0.86 0.75 0.65
Euro EUR 1 3.63 5.65 4.91 4.25
Swiss franc CHF 1 0.73 1.78 2.68 2.37 3.67 4.14 3.89
Jordanian dinar JOD 1 4.25 3.34 4.50 5.89 6.44 4.81 5.32
Egyptian pound EGP 1 2.12 0.72 0.94 1.07 0.77 0.57 0.42
Renminbi (yuan) CNY 1 0.39 0.47 0.39 0.50 0.55 0.55 0.58
1 SUR ceased to exist after 1993, and was replaced by RUB.
2 DEM ceased to exist after 1999, and was replaced by EUR.
3 FRF ceased to exist after 1999, and was replaced by EUR.

Шаблон:Exchange rate

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Historical currencies of Israel Шаблон:Shilling Шаблон:Currencies of Asia Шаблон:Portal bar

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Криптовалюты
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Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead link
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead link
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead link
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Tomer Avital's report in Calcalist, 21 April 2011 (Hebrew)
  16. ↑ Gad Lior's report in Ynet, 21 April 2011
  17. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок komsco1 не указан текст
  18. ↑ Update of the inscription on circulating coins Bank of Israel (https://www.boi.org.il). Retrieved on 2023-04-01.
  19. ↑ Note that nickel-clad steel 1 new sheqalim coins were issued in 1994 and 1995
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  23. ↑ Press release, Bank of Israel Шаблон:Webarchive, 19 December 2009
  24. ↑ Press release, Bank of Israel Шаблон:Webarchive, 10 March 2011
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  27. ↑ Press release, Bank of Israel: The next banknotes in the new series – the NIS 20 and NIS 100 banknotes – will be distributed to the public on from Thursday, November 23, 2017 – 5 Kislev 5778 Шаблон:Webarchive Bank of Israel (www.bankisrael.gov.il). 16 November 2017
  28. ↑ Press release, Bank of Israel: Information on the new series of banknotes Шаблон:Webarchive 14 November 2012
  29. ↑ Press release by the Bank of Israel: Images and descriptions on the new series of Israeli new shekel banknotes Шаблон:Webarchive Bank of Israel (www.bankisrael.gov.il). 28 April 2013. Retrieved on 1 May 2013.
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Citation.
  32. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок fussli1 не указан текст
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